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Anatomy - MSK (UL) > 14: Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

14: Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped depression posterior to knee joint. What are the superficial boundaries?

A

✓ Superolateral = Biceps femoris
✓ Superomedial = semimembranosus, semitendinosus
✓ Inferolateral = Lateral head of gastrocnemius
✓ Inferomedial = Medial head of gastrocnemius
✓ Roof (Posteriorly) = by skin and popliteal fascia
✓ Floor(anterior wall) = Popliteal surface of femur, posterior aspect of joint capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering the popliteus muscle.

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2
Q

What are the deep boundaries of popliteal fossa?

A

✓ Superolateral = Lateral supracondylar line.
✓ Superomedial = Medial supracondylar line.
✓ Inferior = Soleal line of tibia.
✓ floor/anterior wall = popliteal surface of femur, posterior aspect of joint capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering the popliteus muscle

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3
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa?

A
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4
Q

Tibial nerve in popliteal fossa: Larger terminal branch of ……. nerve

A

sciatic

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5
Q

Tibial nerve gives branches to ..?

A

Gives branches to soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, & popliteus muscles

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6
Q

Tibial nerve gives rise to medial sural cutaneous nerve, joined by sural communicating branch from common fibular nerve form ….. and supply ….?

A

to form sural nerve (Supplies lateral side of leg and ankle)

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7
Q

…. nerve is the Lateral smaller terminal branch of sciatic nerve

A

Common fibular nerve

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8
Q

Common fibular nerve runs along ……. muscle and leaves the fossa by passing superficial to ……..?

A

Runs along the biceps femoris muscle and leaves the fossa by passing superficial to lateral head of gastronemius muscle & winds around the neck of fibula.

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9
Q

Popliteal artery is Continuation of femoral artery at ..?

A

adductor hiatus

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10
Q

Popliteal artery ends at the inferior border of popliteus by dividing into …?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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11
Q

What is the Deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery (applied to joint
capsule, runs through intercondylar space of femur)

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12
Q

Note the following: then answer what do they supply?

A

Supply ligaments & capsule of the knee joint

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13
Q

Genicular arteries form anastomoses with …?

A

descending genicular artery (femoral artery), descending branch of lateral circumflex artery, anterior tibial recurrent artery.

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14
Q

Popliteal vein is:
1- Continuation of … ?
2- lies where … ?
3- continues as … ?

A

1- posterior tibial vein
2- superficial to popliteal artery
3- Continues as femoral vein

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15
Q

In case of Popliteal abscess and tumors, pus tend to spread …? (What direction)?

A

superiorly and inferiorly

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16
Q

Popliteal pulse is Difficult to feel, as artery is deep however it is best felt in …? (What part?)

A

inferior part

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17
Q

Weakening of popliteal pulse is a sign of …?

A

femoral artery obstruction

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18
Q

Causes edema and pain in popliteal fossa, may stretch the nerves or compress its blood supply. What’s the condition?

A

Popliteal aneurysm and hemorrhages

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19
Q

Collateral circulation is formed through..?

A

genicular arteries

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20
Q

What type of joint is knee joint? What movements happen?

A

hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension combined with gliding and rolling and rotation along vertical axis (medial and lateral rotation).

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21
Q

Knee joint is formed by articulations between..?

A

patella, femur and tibia

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22
Q

Popliteal aneurysm and hemorrhages (slide)

A
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23
Q

Articular surfaces: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (slide)

A
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24
Q

Intercondylar eminence is not articular part, however it serves for attachment for what structures?

A

ACL, PCL, anterior & posterior ends of mensci

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25
Q

……… are in the capsular layer but outside the synovial membrane

A

Cruciate ligaments

26
Q

Capsular ligament is:
1- attached to …. & ….
2- not attached to …..

A

1- medial collateral ligament & medial meniscus
2- lateral collateral ligament

27
Q

……… serves for attachment of capsular ligament.

A

Patella & patellar ligament

28
Q

Which collateral ligament is more injured?

A

MCL

29
Q

Which ligament is extracapsular?

A

LCL

30
Q

What separates LCL from lateral meniscus?

A

Popliteal muscle

31
Q

Fibrous capsule has an opening for exit of tendon of ….. muscle.

A

popliteus

32
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament- reflection from tendon of
……. muscle supports the joint capsule

A

semimembranosus

33
Q

……… supports the joint laterally

A

Ileotibial tract

34
Q

Fibular/lateral collateral ligament (from what to what?)

A

From lateral femoral epicondyle to fibular head

35
Q

Tibial/medial collateral ligament (from to?)

A
  • from femoral medial epicondyle to medial tibial condyle.
  • Attached to medial meniscus.
  • Weaker than fibular collateral ligament. More often injured
36
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament extends …. (Direction?)

A

Superiorly, anteriorly, medially

37
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament:
1- from to? (Location)
2- prevents? (Action)
3- limits movement of? (bones)

A

1- from Posterior Intercondylar area to lateral surface of medial femoral condyle
2- hyperflexion
3- femur moving anteriorly, tibia moving posteriorly

38
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament:
1- from to? (Location)
2- prevents? (Action)
3- limits movement of? (bones)

A

1- from Anterior Intercondylar area to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle
2- hyoerextension
3- femur posteriorly, tibia anteriorly

39
Q

Joins the anterior edges of the menisci

A

Transverse ligament of knee

40
Q

Part of capsular ligament between menisci and tibial attachment

A

Coronary ligament

41
Q

Function of menisci

A

✓ To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
✓ To act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces

42
Q

Nerve supply:
1- Anterior part ?
2- posterior?
3- Lateral part ?
4- medial aspect of knee joint ?

A

1- Articular branches from femoral nerve (Branches to vasti muscles)
2- Genicular branches from tibial
3- common fibular nerve
4- Saphenous and obturator nerves

43
Q

Movements at knee joint

A
  • extension
  • flexion
  • medial rotation at the end of extension
  • lateral rotation at the beginning of flexion
44
Q

What is Locked knee?

A

When knee is fully extended, with foot on the ground, knee is passively locked by Medial rotation of femoral condyles at the end of extension

45
Q

What is unlocking knee?

A

Lateral rotation of femoral condyles by popliteus at the beginning of flexion (Unlocked joint is unstable)

46
Q

Muscles for knee extension?

A

Quadriceps femoris (main)
Tensor fascia latae (weak)

47
Q

What muscle responsible for Knee flexion?

A

Hamstrings + short head of biceps femoris (main)

48
Q

Medial rotation at knee what muscles?

A
  • Semitendinosus & semimembranosus (when knee is flexed)
  • popliteus (when knee is extended)
49
Q

Lateral rotation at knee what muscles?

A

Biceps femoris when knee is flexed

50
Q

Bursae around the knee (slide)

A
51
Q

Causes & types of knee fracture?

A
  • Causes:
    1. Falling directly onto the knee 2. Receiving sharp blow to knee
  • types:
    1- stable
    2- displaced (pulled by quadriceps tendon)
    3- comminuted (many parts)
52
Q

Patella dislocation (causes)

A
53
Q

Compounded knee injury what structures affected?

A
  • ACL
  • MCL
  • Medial meniscus
    = unhappy triad
54
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injuries?

A
55
Q

Causes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries?
+ Grades of spains?

A
56
Q

Causes of Collateral Ligament Injuries?

A
57
Q

An athlete presented with pain on lateral rotation. What do you expect his problem is?

A

Lateral meniscus injury

58
Q

Causes of Meniscus Tears (slide)

A
59
Q

Genu varus Vs valgus?

A

Varus: bend medially
Valgus: bend laterally

60
Q

Add mcqs ‼️‼️

A

Anatomy - MSK (UL) (17 decks)

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