1.4 MP - motivational theories Flashcards
4 motivational theories
- Taylor’s
- Mayo’s
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Herzberg’s
what is Taylor’s scientific management - background info
- Frederick Winslow Taylor
- early 20th century
- breaking down complex tasks
- clear instruction to achieve max efficiency
- used by manufacturing businesses - production lines
Taylor’s scientific management - process
- STUDY AND ANALYSE WORK PROCESS - break down the complex tasks and find most effective way for each
- STANDARDISE WORK PROCESS - creating detailed procedures and instructions - workers can follow consistently
- SELECT AND TRAIN WORKERS - select based on skills and abilities, train to work to max efficiency - skills and behaviour
- PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR PERFORMANCE - bonuses and piece-rate pay for motivation
Taylor’s scientific management - pros and cons
PROS
- increased efficiency which lowers costs
- standardised procedures that everyone follows - prevent errors and inconsistencies
- specialisation of labour - very productive and efficient
- clear hierarchy - effective decision making and communication
CONS
- overemphasis on efficiency reduces creativity and innovation
- workers may disengage - machine like system
- limited applicability
- potential for exploitation eg ‘sweat shops’ use this method
what is Mayo’s human relations theory - background info
- Elton Mayo
- 1930s
- importance of social factors in workplace
- communication, motivation and satisfaction
what is Mayo’s human relations theory - key features
- empowering employees
- team building activities to build relationships
- providing feedback - worker of the week
- positive work environment - support, wellness
- encouraging employee development - training programmes, mentorship
what is Mayo’s human relations theory - pros and cons
PROS
- workers feel valued - more productive
- better communication - honesty, safe space
- empowered enhances responsibility and accountability
- stronger teams - sense of community
CONS
- time consuming - building relationships
- lack of control - workers make more decisions
- resistance to change - comfortable
- conflict and disagreements
what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - background info
- 5 tiers of human needs for people to reach their full potential
what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - key features
- SELF ACTUALISATION NEEDS - businesses offer employees opportunities to pursue passions and dreams. eg Barclay’s let elite sports ppl off working to train
- ESTEEM NEEDS - recognition for employees, positive culture, value employees
- LOVE & BELONGING NEEDS - teamwork, sense of community
- SAFETY NEEDS - job security, fair pay, benefits, safe conditions
- PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS - businesses provide necessities for employees - clean water, food, breaks
what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - pros and cons
PROS
- high productivity and lower turnover rates
- more motivation bc incentives align with personal passions and dreams
- better employee performance bc they feel valued and supported
CONS
- one size DOESNT fit all - cant adapt to all employees needs
- £££££
- time consuming - effort to understand personal growth opportunities
what is Herzberg’s 2 factor theory - background info
- 2 types of factors that affect employee motivation and job satisfaction
JOB DISSATIFACTION - influenced by HYGIENE FACTORS
- working conditions
- co-worker relations
- policies and rules
- supervisor quality
- base wage, salary
JOB SATISFACTION - influenced by MOTIVATOR factors
- achievement
- recognition
- responsibility
- advancement
- personal growth
Herzberg’s - How businesses can use hygiene factors to decrease dissatisfaction
- fair pay
- excellent working conditions - google has gourmet restaurants, dog care etc
- employment contracts - job security - reduces anxiety
Herzberg’s - How businesses can use motivating factors to increase satisfaction
- recognition and rewards - worker of the week
- opportunities for growth and development - learn new skills, courses/ workshops
- challenging work - problem solving keeps engaged and allows them to use their best skills etc
types of incentives linked to their motivational theory - PIECEWORK
- Paid per item made
- manufacturing lines
- TAYLORS
types of incentives linked to their motivational theory - COMMISSION
- % of sales revenue paid to workers who sell products
- to increase sales revenue
- hygiene factor HERZBURGS
- esteem needs - MASLOWS
types of incentives linked to their motivational theory - BONUS
- additional payment on top of salary for exceeding performing expt or achieving specific goals
- motivation to work harder
- eslf esteem MASLOW
types of incentives linked to their motivational theory - PROFIT SHARE
- portion of company’s profits are distributed amongst staff
- encourages to work as team and achieve goals
- motivator HERBURG
types of incentives linked to their motivational theory - PERFORMANCE RELATED PAY
- paid based on performance - motivates to work harder
- this is criticised bc discrimination and exploitation abuses
- hygiene factor HERZBURG
non financial incentives to improve performance
- delegation - transferring responsibility from manager to staff - employees have a sense of ownership
- consultation - getting input from staff - keeps them engaged
- empowerment - ownership, responsibility
- teamwork - share ideas and expertise
- flexible working - adjust their hours
- job enrichment - challenging tasks to stay engaged
- job rotation - new challenges and don’t get bored
- job enlargement - expanding duties, variety of tasks
