1.4 Managing people Flashcards
Define chain of command.
The path orders pass in a business from the management to shop floor.
Define span of control.
The number of people an individual is personally responsible for in a business.
Define centralisation.
Authority to make decisions rests with senior management.
Define decentralisation.
Authority to make decisions should be delegated further down the hierarchy.
State 2 benefits of centralisation.
Any two advantages from:
1. Economies of scale.
2. Implement common practices and policies.
3. Tighter control.
State 2 drawbacks of centralisation.
Any two drawbacks from:
1. More costly; more layers.
2. Junior managers know consumer needs more than senior management.
3. Reduced motivation
4. Slower speed of local decision making.
State 2 benefits of decentralisation.
Any two advantages from:
1. Improves staff motivation
2. Cheaper cost; flatter hierarchy
3.Decisions are made closer to consumers.
4. Training junior management.
State two drawbacks of decentralisation.
Any two drawbacks from:
1. Harder to ensure consistent practices and policies.
2. Dis-economies of scale.
3. Harder to achieve tight financial cost.
Define tall structure
Long chain of command, narrow span of control.
Define flat structure
Short chain of command, wide span of control.
Define matrix structure
Departmental structure more project focused.
State 2 advantages of tall structure
- Motivation via promotion
- Line managers have less stress
- Subordinates are better supported
State 2 disadvantages of tall structure
- Slower communication
- Higher cost
- Orders can be misinterpreted
- Subordinates may feel micromanaged.
State 2 advantages of flat structure
- Faster, more effective communication.
- Save money on manager salaries.
- Gives room for innovation.
State 2 drawbacks of flat structure
- Little or no progression
- Reduced control
Explain Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory.
Motivated by pay (Piece rate). Set targets and reward those who meet them. Obverse working patterns of successful workers and training others to do similarly.
Explain Mayo’s Human Relations theory
Managers taking more of an interest in their workers. Workers are motivated by having their social needs met. Work in teams.
Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
There are five levels of human needs that employees need to be fulfilled at work. These are Psychological, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self Actualisation needs.
Explain Psychological Needs in the Hierarchy of Needs
These are basic needs such as good pay, food, water, etc.
Explain Safety Needs in the Hierarchy of Needs
Need of a safe working environment.
Explain Social Needs in the Hierarchy of Needs
Need of sense of belonging and feeling like part of a team.
Explain Esteem Needs in the Hierarchy of Needs.
Need of self-respect and status
Explain Self Actualisation Needs in the Hierarchy of Needs.
Need for fulfilling potential and achieving goals.
Explain Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Needs in a workspace are divided into two; motivators e.g. responsibility, promotion, etc which improve and hygiene factors e.g. pay, working conditions, etc which if not present can demotivate.
