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MS ELHABASSI BUSINESS > 1.4 Managing People > Flashcards

1.4 Managing People Flashcards

1
Q

what is the approach to staffing?

A

the overall way a business treats its staff, has a direct impact upon the level of performance, motivation of employees and management styles

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2
Q

what is Hard HRM?

A

staff is a cost - staff are treated as a resource that must be managed in order for the business to cut costs

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3
Q

what is soft HRM?

A

staff is an asset - treated as an asset that can contribute and help the business achieve its objectives

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4
Q

what does staff treated as an asset consist of?

A
  • staff can participate in more decisions
  • higher productivity
  • high motivation
  • higher retention
  • more job autonomy
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5
Q

what does staff treated as a cost consist of?

A
  • lower motivation
  • lower productivity
  • redundancies are justified as cost cutting
  • less decision making
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6
Q

What is a flexible workforce?

A

working arrangements where there are a variety of options offered to employees in terms of working time, location and patterns of work

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7
Q

What is multiskilling?

A

staff can be moved from one task to another

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8
Q

What is a part time worker?

A

employee who works less than full time hours which are 35 or more a week

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9
Q

What is a temporary worker?

A

employed on a contract or basis which has a time limit for example a supply teacher on maternity cover

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10
Q

What is a zero hour contract?

A

the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum working hours while the worker is not obliged to accept any work offered

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11
Q

What is job sharing?

A

an employment arrangement where two people go part time to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full time

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12
Q

What are the benefits of multiskilling?

A
  • less staff required
  • increases efficiency, quality and productivity
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13
Q

What are the benefits of part time/temporary?

A
  • won’t be overworked
  • cost-effective
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14
Q

What are the benefits of working from home?

A
  • work life balance
  • low transport costs
  • downsize decreases operational costs
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15
Q

What are the benefits of zero hour contracts?

A
  • only pay when needed
  • meet a surge in demand
  • great for extra money
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16
Q

What are the benefits of job sharing?

A
  • less employee turnover
  • 2 skilled workers in one job
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17
Q

What are the drawbacks of job sharing?

A
  • conflict of interest
  • reduced pay
  • inconsistent output
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18
Q

What are the drawbacks of zero hour contracts?

A
  • may not be given any work at all
  • lack of security
  • pressure
  • hours cant be predicted
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19
Q

What are the drawbacks of working from home?

A
  • demotivated
  • excess costs
  • teamwork is difficult
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20
Q

What are the drawbacks of temp/part time?

A
  • commitment issues
  • lower quality of work
  • ruin business reputation
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21
Q

What are the drawbacks of multiskilling?

A
  • higher initial costs
  • may involve paying higher wages
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22
Q

What is offshoring?

A

move your business operations overseas

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23
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

when you hire someone for a specific task

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24
Q

What are the benefits of outsourcing?

A
  • access specialised expertise
  • controlled costs
  • increased efficiency
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25
Q

What are the benefits of offshoring?

A
  • lower labour / operational costs
  • spread risk across more countries
  • tax benefits
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26
Q

What are the drawbacks of outsourcing?

A
  • lack of confidentiality
  • lack of security
  • management difficulties
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27
Q

What are the drawbacks of offshoring?

A
  • cultural social barriers
  • communication issues
  • initial cost
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28
Q

What is recruitment?

A

steps taken by a business to identify a vacancy and attract suitable candidates

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29
Q

What is selection?

A

making the decision on choosing the right candidate for the position available

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30
Q

What are reasons to recruit staff?

A
  • business expansion
  • existing employees leave
  • business is searching for new skills
  • business is relocating
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31
Q

What costs occur when hiring workers?

A
  • advertisement
  • costs of agency fees for a temp
  • cost of new wage
  • less productivity when induction occurs
  • loss of management time taken up by recruitment process
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32
Q

What is internal recruitment?

A

recruitment from within the business

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33
Q

What is external recruitment?

A

recruitment from outside the business

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34
Q

What are advantages of internal recruitment?

A
  • lower advertisement costs
  • motivated to work harder
  • higher productivity
  • lower cost per unit
  • lower training cost
  • less time consuming
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35
Q

What are disadvantages of internal recruitment?

A
  • conflict between staff
  • lack of new skills
  • limits candidate availability
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36
Q

What are advantages of external recruitment?

A
  • could find a highly skilled worker
  • creativity varies
  • more new ideas
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37
Q

What are disadvantages of external recruitment?

A
  • lower motivation
  • very time consuming
  • higher costs
  • internal candidates may feel overlooked
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38
Q

What are the 3 types of training?

A
  • on the job
  • off the job
  • induction
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39
Q

What are the advantages of on the job?

A
  • learn the systems already in place
  • adapt easily to conditions
40
Q

What are the advantages of off the job?

A
  • allows you to learn about company culture before experiencing it
41
Q

What are the advantages of induction training?

A
  • company culture
  • may create loyalty more quickly
42
Q

What are the disadvantages of on the job?

A
  • may make costly mistakes
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of off the job?

A
  • less effective
  • no real work experience
44
Q

What are the disadvantages of inductions?

A
  • opportunity costs
  • false sense of comfort
45
Q

What is a tall organisational structure?

A
  • many layers
  • narrow span of control
  • longer chain of command
  • longer line of communication
46
Q

What is a flat organisational structure?

A
  • few layers
  • wide span of control
  • shorter chain of command
  • shorter line of communication
47
Q

What is an organisational structure?

A

shows how people and management are organised in business

48
Q

What factors influence a business structure?

A
  • size of business
  • type of business
  • management and leadership style
  • competitive environment
49
Q

What is a chain of command?

A

flow of information going through the organisation

50
Q

What is the span of control?

A

the number of employees for whom the manager is responsible for

51
Q

What factors influence a span of control?

A
  • personality and skill
  • size and complexity of business
  • whether centralised or decentralised
  • extent of use of clear objectives
52
Q

What is a centralised organisation?

A

decision making mainly at head office

53
Q

What is a decentralised organisation?

A

decision making is shared between workers

54
Q

What is a matrix structure?

A

individuals work across teams and projects as well as within their own department

55
Q

What are the advantages of a matrix structure?

A
  • helps breakdown traditional barriers
  • likely to result in greater motivation
  • good way of sharing resources across departments
56
Q

What are the disadvantages of a matrix structure?

A
  • members of projects may have divided loyalties
  • difficult to coordinate
  • no clear line of accessibility
57
Q

What is motivation?

A

a way to influence employees to have the will to work

58
Q

What is piecework?

A

employees are paid per finished item or unit

59
Q

What are the advantages of piecework?

A
  • experienced and efficient workers can earn more
  • incentive to complete work
  • employee may work more hours to get work done
60
Q

What are the advantages of commission?

A
  • skilled sales people can make very good money
  • employee isn’t paying downtime when they aren’t selling
  • motivates to sell more
61
Q

What are the advantages of bonuses?

A
  • increasing productivity as they are only given when targets are met
62
Q

What are the advantages of profit sharing?

A
  • encourages teamwork whereas other forms make staff competitive
  • employees keep costs low to keep high profits
  • employees become more loyal
63
Q

What are the advantages of performance related pay?

A
  • directly links performance with how much they are paid
64
Q

What are the advantages of delegation?

A
  • gives managers self confidence, empowers managers to make decisions and allocate tasks to appropriate employees
65
Q

What are the advantages of consultation?

A
  • makes employee feel heard, valued and cared for
66
Q

What are the advantages of empowerment?

A
  • staff recognised for their ability trusted and given control over decisions
  • less frustrated with the business
67
Q

What are the advantages of team working?

A
  • shared responsibility
  • ideas through brainstorming
  • more likely to take risks
68
Q

What are the advantages of flexible working?

A
  • less stress
  • equal opportunities
  • attracts talented people
  • fits around childcare
69
Q

What are the advantages of job rotation?

A
  • multiskilled employee can carry out more than one task
  • cost effective way to motivate
70
Q

What are the advantages of job enrichment?

A
  • motivation through challenge
71
Q

What are the advantages of job enlargement?

A
  • less boring
  • less repetitive
  • more efficient
  • maximum utility out of employees
72
Q

What are the disadvantages of piecework?

A
  • workers ay cut corners
  • quality may suffer
  • slower workers may fall under minimum wage
73
Q

What are the disadvantages of commission?

A
  • not a steady income
  • risky in a recession
  • salespeople on commission only may earn no money at all
74
Q

What are the disadvantages of bonuses?

A
  • heavy financial costs
75
Q

What are the disadvantages of profit sharing?

A
  • less profit left to reinvest into company
76
Q

What are the disadvantages of performance related pay?

A
  • causes jealousy and unrest in the workplace
77
Q

What are the disadvantages of delegation?

A
  • managers may not have correct skills to allocate tasks
  • may not choose suitable employee
78
Q

What are the disadvantages of consultation?

A
  • time consuming
  • opportunity cost
79
Q

What are the disadvantages of empowerment?

A
  • seen as cost cutting
  • cost of training
  • making managers work more for same pay
80
Q

What are the disadvantages of team working?

A
  • tensions can occur
  • teams suffer from too many meetings
81
Q

What are the disadvantages of flexible working?

A
  • hard to find shifts that suit everyone
82
Q

What are the disadvantages of job rotation?

A
  • uncertainty over job changes may be demotivating
  • loss of output
83
Q

What are the disadvantages of job enrichment?

A
  • may be seen as more work
84
Q

What are the disadvantages of job enlargement?

A
  • more of the same
  • more to do
85
Q

What is Taylorism?

A
  • Division on labour
  • paid in terms of output
  • allowing for specialisation to happen
86
Q

What is the mayo theory?

A
  • teamwork
  • making workers feel valued
87
Q

What is the herzberg theory?

A
  • Hygiene factors (bare minimum factors)
  • motivating factors to increase output
88
Q

What is the Maslow theory?

A
  • hierarchy of needs
  • Esteen needs
  • social needs
  • safety
  • physiological
89
Q

What are leaders?

A
  • focus on people
  • divise a vision
  • divise strategies
  • drive change
  • look into future
90
Q

What are managers?

A
  • focus on small tasks
  • execute the vision
  • implement strategies
  • implement change
  • focus on present
91
Q

What is an autocratic leadership style?

A

Where the leader makes all the decisions without consultation

92
Q

What is a paternalistic leadership style?

A

Has some interest of others and is a softer way of autocratic

93
Q

What is a democratic leadership style?

A

Allows subordinates to be part of decision making

94
Q

What is the laissez faire leadership style?

A

Employees are encouraged to have freedom in their decision making with certain limits

95
Q

What does effectiveness depend on when talking about leadership style?

A
  • knowledge skills
  • experience
  • motivation
  • self discipline

MS ELHABASSI BUSINESS (6 decks)

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