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Business: Theme 1 > 1.4 Managing People > Flashcards

1.4 Managing People Flashcards

1
Q

What does treating staff as an asset mean?

A

The staff are developed and seen as benficial to the business.

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2
Q

What does seeing staff as an asset mean for the business?

A

-Staff are trained and have experience relevant to the needs of the business
-Staff are able to participate in decision making
-The business can respond quickly to market changes
-Staff have mlore autonomy over there work

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3
Q

What does treating staff as a cost mean?

A

Seen as a cost rather than adding value.

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4
Q

What does seeing staff as a cost mean for the business?.

A

-The cost of wages, holiday ans sickness
-Costs through staff recruitment
-Training costs
-Staff making mistakes
-Some workers are inefficient

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5
Q

What is a multi-skilling worker?

A

A worker being able to be moved round from one job to another.

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6
Q

What are the advantages of a multi-skilling worker?

A

-Fewer staff are needed as staff can fill many different roles
-Variety gives workers more interesting jobs
-Increases efficiency, productivity and quality

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7
Q

What is a part time worker?

A

This is a worker who works less than the full time hours (35+ hours a week)

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8
Q

What are the advantages of a part time worker?

A

-No specific set amount of hours
-Allows the firm to be flexible with hours to meet the planned workload
-Many businesses use part-time workers to fill evening and weekend hours not covered by full-time workers
-Some workers may only be
available part-time

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9
Q

What are temporary workers?

A

Workers employed for a fixed time such as 6 months or year.

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10
Q

What are the advantages of a temporary worker?

A

-Employed on a seasonal basis to cover busy periods of the year
-Can be used to fill posts that will be phased out due to business reorganisation

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11
Q

What are flexible workers?

A

This involves allowing some flexibility in the hours workers need to be at the business, or allowing some work to done at home.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of flexible workers?

A

-Staff can be scheduled to fit the peak times for the business
-Can increase productivity and attract more qualified workers
-Makes commuting easier

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13
Q

What is a home worker?

A

When people work from their homes or from other premises of their choosing other than the
workplace.

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14
Q

What are the advantages of home workers?

A

-Office running costs and
overheads can be reduced
-Travel-related problems may be reduced
-It may tempt better staff to come and work for the company

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15
Q

What is a flexible workforce?

A

They are able to meet changes in business circumstances.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of a flexible workforce?

A

-Business can expand or contract quickly in response to rise or fall in demand
-Temporary staff and subcontractors are cheaper to imploy because they are unlikely to get benefits that
-The business is more efficient with lower costs and so is more competitive

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of a flexible workforce?

A

-Temporary workers are going to be less commited to a business compared to full time workers
-Communicating with a flexible workforce can be an issue and the benefits of teamwork may be lost

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18
Q

What is a zero hours contract?

A

These are employment contracts with noguaranteed hours. This means that employeesare not guaranteed any work by their
employers (and therefore no pay).

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19
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Paying a specialist business to carry out a specific task for the business such as market research, accounting or legal advice. Some companies will also outsource
production.

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20
Q

What is redundancy?

A

A reduction in the size of the workforce, due to mergers or closures of a business, new technology or relocation.

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21
Q

What is dismissal?

A

A worker may be dismissed or fired from a job for:
-Absenteeism/long term illness makes it impossible to do the job
-Gross misconduct (e.g assault)
-Theft of company money or property
-Not being able to do the job due to not having a driving license or refused to complete training
Workers are not entitled to a pay-out from the business if dismissed.

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22
Q

What are the impacts of dismissal?

A

Worker:
-No compensation
-Poor reference

Business:
-Short staffed
-Need to recruit and train new workers

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23
Q

What are the impacts of redundancy?

A

Worker:
-Compensation based on years worked
-Help finding new job

Business:
-Re-organise staff due to lower numbers of staff

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24
Q

What are employee relations

A

How employers work with their employees is of vital importance in Human Resource Management.
When engaging with employees, it is done either:
-Individually
-Collective Bargaining

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25
Q

What is the individual approach when engaging with employees?

A

This means the worker and the manager sit face to face to discuss terms and conditions of the workers contract.

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26
Q

What are the advantages of the individual approach to engaging with employees?

A

There is no compromise because it is just the views of one worker being discussed.

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27
Q

What are the disadvantages of the individual approach to engaging with employees?

A

The manager might not take any action following the discussion as its only one worker.

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28
Q

What is the advantage of the collective bargaining approach when engaging with employees?

A

This involves a representative of all the workers meeting with the manager to discuss terms and conditions (usually pay) of employment.

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29
Q

What is the disadvantage of the collective bargaining approach when engaging with employees?

A

It may lead to strikes or industrial action.

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30
Q

What are the stages of recruitment?

A

Job analysis ~> Job description ~> Person personification ~> Job advert ~> Shortlisting ~> Interview

31
Q

What is job analysis

A

It is the process which identifies and determines in detail the particular duties and requirements of the job, and also what the position requires in terms of aptitudes, knowledge, and skills.

32
Q

What is the job description?

A

This outlines the tasks involved with the job, the job title, responsibilties and employment conditions.

33
Q

What is the person specification?

A

Describes the skills, knowledge and experience needed by an individual to complete the job.

34
Q

What is the job advert?

A

Involves using internal methods (e-mail, noticeboard are in-house magazine or external ( website,
recruitment agency, job centre) to make people aware of the
job vacancy.

35
Q

What is shortlisting?

A

Involves reducing the number of applicants down to the most promising list of candidates.

36
Q

What is the interview?

A

Is for the candidate to be able to explain their suitability for the job and for the interviewers to gather as much relevant information about the candidate as possible.

37
Q

What are the benefits of internal recruitment?

A

-They are typically loyal to the business.
-They will fit in with the company culture straight away.
-Less expensive due to less advertising.

38
Q

What are the drawbacks of internal recruitment?

A

-Limits the number of potential applicants.
-No new ideas can be introduced from outside the business.
-Potential conflict between the apllicants that don’t get picked.
-Creates other vacancies that need to be filled.

39
Q

What are some methods of external recruiitment?

A

-Job centres
-Job advertisments
-Recruitment agencies
-Personal accomodation

40
Q

What are the benefits of external recruitment?

A

-New candidates bring new ideas.
-Larger pool of candidates to find the best applicant.
-Wider range of experience to draw from.

41
Q

What are the drawbacks of external recruitment?

A

-Its a long process.
-Higher cost when externally recruitment.
-If the process is not effective they may not get the best candidate.
-Transition period may cause a drop in productivity.

42
Q

What are the drawbacks of external recruitment?

A

-Its a long process.
-Higher cost when externally recruitment.
-If the process is not effective they may not get the best candidate.
-Transition period may cause a drop in productivity.

43
Q

What are the 3 types of training and explain which each of them are.

A

-On the job: Coaching or mentoring whilst doing the job by someone more experienced.
-Off the job: Working on cources or going to company training centre.
-Induction training: An introduction for new starters to enable them to work there new proffession.

44
Q

What are the pros of a flat structure?

A

-Greater communication between mannagement and employees
-Less bureaucracy

45
Q

What are the cons of a flat structure?

A

-May hinder growth of the organisation
-Strucutre limited to small organisations

46
Q

What are the pros of a tall structure?

A

-Clear progression and promotion ladder
-There is a narrow span of control so employess can be closely supervised

47
Q

What are the cons of a tall strucutre?

A

-High management costs because managers are generally paid more than subordinates
-Decision making could be slowed down as approval may be needed for each layer

48
Q

What is span of control?

A

Is the number of people who report to one person.

49
Q

What are the advantages of a wide span of control?

A

-Workers are given more independance
-Reduces the number of managers required

50
Q

What is the matrix stucture?

A

A company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid, or matrix, rather than in the traditional hierarchy.

51
Q

What is the centrelised structure?

A

A hierarchy decision-making structure where all decisions and
processes are handled strictly at the top or the executive level.

52
Q

What is the decentrilised structure?

A

A structure in which daily operations and decision-making
responsibilities are delegated to middle and lower-level managers.

53
Q

What is a functional structure?

A

The organisation is divided into smaller groups based on specialized functional areas, such as IT, finance, or marketing.

54
Q

What is a project structure?

A

The organisation is divided into teams of workers with different skills who focus on one product or project.

55
Q

What are the advantages of a matrix structure?

A

-Help improve communication in the business
-People can use particually skills within a variety of contexts

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of matrix structure?

A

-Clear line of accountabillity for project teams
-Difficult to coordinate
-It takes time for employees to get used to
-Team members may neglect their responsibillities

57
Q

What are the advantages of a centralised structure?

A

-Ensures consistency throughout the business
-Easier to coordinate activities
-Easier to achieve economies of scale
-Easier to make changes across the while business

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of a centralised strucutre?

A

-Less flexibility
-Doesn’t take into account local differences
-Reduces manager motivation
-More bureaucratic

59
Q

What are the advantages of the de-centralised strcture?

A

-Desicions made closer to customers
-Improved customer care
-Local managers have more authority

60
Q

What are the disadvantages of de-centralised structure?

A

-Harder top keep financial control
-Services across different locations is inconsistant
-May have diseconomies of scale

61
Q

Why are financial methods of rewards used?

A

-Motivate employees
-Designed so that employees gain a monetery reward for better performance

62
Q

Why are non-financial methods of rewards used?

A

-Motivate employees
-Studies say that money has limited motivation on employees
-Non-financial incentives inspire and engageemployees in ways that money is incapable of doing

63
Q

Give some examples of financial motivation.

A

-piecework
-commission
-bonus
-profit share
-performance-related pay

64
Q

Give some examples of non-financial motivation.

A

-delegation
-consultation
-empowerment
-team working
-flexible working
-job enrichment
-job rotation
-job enlargement

65
Q

What is piecework?

A

Workers are paid per each finished item or unit.

66
Q

What are the advantages of piecework?

A

-Experienced and efficient workers can earn more
-Incentive to complete the work
-Employees may work more hours to get the job done

67
Q

What are the disadvantages of piecework?

A

-As workers work quicker they might miss steps out to make more products
-Slower workers may fall under the national mimimum wage

68
Q

What is the definition of motivation?

A

‘the willingness to work’

69
Q

What is taylorism?

A

A fair days pay for a fair days work

70
Q

What did taylor believe in?

A

He believed that employees would do the minimum amount of work whilst unsupoervised

71
Q

What did taylors studies find?

A

-The main form of motivation is high wages, higher wages equalled
higher output
-A manager’s job is to tell employees what to do
-A worker’s job is to do what they are told and get paid accordingly

72
Q

What did mayo do in his experiments?

A

He changed the working conditions such as break times and lighting for two groups of workers in the relay assembly room at the factory.

73
Q

What did mayo find?

A

-Found that just by being studied - the employee’s levels of motivation increased
-Working in teams was more important than money
-Non-financial motivators were the most important
-Boring and repetitive work can be a demotivator

74
Q

What was maslow’s theory?

A

We all have a pyramid of needs
-Physological
-Safety needs
-Love/belonging needs
-Esteem needs
-Self actualisation

Business: Theme 1 (5 decks)

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