1.4 - How Organisms Take in Substances

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

• One form of uptake of substances by plants
• Enables nutrients to move into plant roots
• Particles move from an area of high concentration outside the roots to an area of low concentration inside the roots.
• Does not require energy

Question 2

What is osmosis?

Answer 2

• One form of uptake of substances by plants
• Enables water to move into plant roots.
• The diffusion of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration
• Does not require energy

Question 3

What is active transport?

Answer 3

• One form of uptake of substances by plants
• Plants use this to move some nutrients into the roots.
• Particles move from an area of low concentration outside the roots to an area of high concentration inside the roots
• Requires energy

Question 4

How is food taken into the body of animals?

Answer 4

Food is taken into the body by ingestion and then broken down by mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 5

How does chemical digestion occur in animals?

Answer 5

Chemical digestion occurs with the help of enzymes which speed up chemical reactions

Question 6

How are large organic molecules broken down in animals?

Answer 6

Large organic molecules are broken down by hydrolysis (“hydro”: water, “lysis”: breakdown)
- C12H22O11(aq) + H2O(l) —–>2C6H12O6(aq)

Question 7

In animals, what happens to nutrients after they are broken down?

Answer 7

Once broken down nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 8

Define substrate

Answer 8

• The material on which an organism moves or lives
• Some organisms are attached to their substrates
  
  • Ex. Sea anemone
• Some organisms obtain nutrients from their substrate
  
  • Ex. Bread mould