1.4 Explain the importance of using appropriate cryptographic solutions.

Question 1

Encryption level

Answer 1

o Full-disk:
o Partition: Encrypts specific partitions, leaving others unencrypted

o File: Encrypts individual files

o Volume : Encrypts selected files or directories

o Database : Encrypts data stored in a database at column, row, or table levels

o Record : Encrypts specific fields within a database record

Question 2

Obfuscation methods

Answer 2

o Steganography
o Tokenization
o Data masking

Question 3

Hashing

Answer 3

■ Converts data into fixed-size hash values
■ Irreversible one-way function
■ Commonly used for password storage

Question 4

Masking

Answer 4

■ Replace some or all data with placeholders (e.g., “x”)
■ Partially retains metadata for analysis
■ Irreversible de-identification method

Question 5

Obfuscation

Answer 5

Make data unclear or unintelligible

Question 6

Tokenization

Answer 6

■ Replace sensitive data with non-sensitive tokens
■ Original data stored securely in a separate database
■ Often used in payment processing for credit card protection

Question 7

Full-disk Encryption

Answer 7

Encrypts the entire hard drive

Question 8

o Partition Encryption

Answer 8

Encrypts specific partitions, leaving others unencrypted

Question 9

o File Encryption

Answer 9

Encrypts individual files

Question 10

o Volume Encryption

Answer 10

Encrypts selected files or directories

Question 11

o Database Encryption

Answer 11

Encrypts data stored in a database at column, row, or table levels

Question 12

Record Encryption

Answer 12

Encrypts specific fields within a database record