1.4 Ethnicity (Institutional Racism)

Question 1

Summary

Answer 1

1. Troyna and Williams
2. Critical Race Theory (Carmichael and Hamilton)
3. Locked-in Inequality (Gillborn)
4. Marketisation and Segregation (Gillborn, Commission for Racial Equality)
5. Ethnocentric Curriculum (Troyna + Williams, Ball, Coard, Stone)
6. Assessment (Gillborn)
7. Opportunities (Gillborn)
8. Racialised Expectations (Gillborn and Youdell)
9. Criticisms of Gillborn

Question 2

Gillborn Studies

Answer 2

3. Locked-in Inequality
4. Marketisation and Segregation
5. Assessment
6. Opportunities
7. Racialised Expectations (+ Youdell)

Question 3

1. Troyna and Williams

Answer 3

• Individual vs institutional racism

- Institutional: institutions such as schools routinely discriminating

Question 4

2. Critical Race Theory

Answer 4

• See racism as an ingrained feature of soceity

- Carmichael and Hamilton: ‘less overt, more subtle, less identifiable’

Question 5

3. Locked-in Inequality

Answer 5

• Gillborn: ethnic inequality is so deep rooted that it is an inevitable feature of the educational system

Question 6

4. Marketisation and Segregation

Answer 6

• Gillborn: Marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils so can allow negative stereotypes to select pupils
• Commission for Racial Equality: Identified similar biases in Britain.
• Ethnic minority pupils are morel likely to end up in unpopular schools

Question 7

5.Ethnocentric Curriculum

Answer 7

• Curriculum reflects the dominant culture
• Languages, literature and music.
• T + W: note the meagre teaching of Asian languages as compared with European languages
• History: Ball criticises the National Curriculum for ignoring ethnic diversity and for promoting an attitude of ‘little Englandism’
• Coard: this promotion of black people as inferior undermines self-esteem
• Stone: Black children do not suffer from low self-esteem