1.4 Driver Monitoring Systems Flashcards
What percentage of accidents in passenger cars are driver-related according to NHTSA?
94% of accidents in passenger cars are driver-related.
What percentage of car accidents are caused by driver distraction?
Driver distraction is responsible for 41% of car accidents.
What percentage of car accidents are caused by fatigue?
Fatigue is responsible for 7% of car accidents.
According to EU Mobility & Transport safety, what percentage of heavy commercial transport crashes involve driver fatigue?
Driver fatigue is a significant factor in approximately 20% of heavy commercial transport crashes.
What percentage of long-haul drivers have fallen asleep at the wheel at some point?
Over 50% of long-haul drivers have at some time fallen asleep at the wheel.
Why are Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) necessary even with autonomous vehicles?
Even with autonomous vehicles, drivers must remain vigilant and ready to take control. From SAE level 0 to SAE level 4, the driver must be either in control or ready to take control of the dynamic driving task.
What is the regulatory status of DMS in the EU?
In the EU, DMS will be mandatory on all new vehicles, including buses, trucks, and dangerous goods carriers.
What are the three main types of distraction that DMS monitors?
The three main types of distraction are:
- Visual: taking your eyes off the road
- Manual: taking your hands off the wheel
- Cognitive: taking your mind off driving
What scale is used to quantify driver fatigue?
The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is used to quantify driver fatigue.
What does DMS do when it identifies distracting or sleepy behaviors?
DMS warns the driver through visual alarms and sound when it detects behaviors classified as distractions and/or sleepiness.
What is the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)?
The KSS is a 10-point scale measuring sleepiness, ranging from 1 (extremely alert) to 10 (extremely sleepy, can’t keep awake).
What is one simple approach to detecting driver distraction/fatigue using steering wheel behavior?
A simple approach is monitoring lane keeping warning activation, which may indicate driver distraction or fatigue.
What is the sensitivity of steering wheel behavior analysis for fatigue recognition?
The sensitivity of steering wheel behavior analysis for fatigue recognition is 77.4%.
What is the specificity of steering wheel behavior analysis for fatigue recognition?
The specificity of steering wheel behavior analysis for fatigue recognition is 93.3%.
What is the definition of sensitivity in the context of DMS?
Sensitivity (true positive rate) is the probability of a positive test result, conditioned on the individual truly being positive.
What is the definition of specificity in the context of DMS?
Specificity (true negative rate) is the probability of a negative test result, conditioned on the individual truly being negative.
What technologies are used for driver behavioral analysis in DMS?
Technologies used for driver behavioral analysis include:
- Gesture recognition for identifying distracting behaviors
- Head pose analysis for eye gazing direction and nodding detection
- Eye tracking for distraction and drowsiness detection
What is the accuracy range of camera-based driver behavioral analysis?
The accuracy ranges from 63% to 83%.
What techniques are used for driver physiology analysis in DMS?
Driver physiology analysis uses wearable devices, radar, or camera to measure variations in respiration rate and heart rate to identify fatigue.
What is the reported accuracy of driver physiology analysis for fatigue detection?
The reported accuracy is 100%.
What is photoplethysmography (PPG) and how is it used in DMS?
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a technique used in wearable devices to measure the change of volume of blood in tissues. In camera-based systems, PPG estimates are made by analyzing differences in detected light between successive frames, as light absorption changes with blood circulation.
How does radar-based physiological monitoring work in DMS?
Radar estimates heart rate and respiration rate by measuring micromovements of the skin.
What is blinking rate and how is it used to detect drowsiness?
Blinking rate measures how often a subject blinks in a minute. Experiments show that more than 27 blinks per minute indicates a sleepy condition in 15 out of 18 subjects.
What is a limitation of using blinking rate for drowsiness detection?
A limitation is that there are pathologies where the subject falls asleep with the eyes open, which would not be detected by blinking rate.
