14: Control of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the brain is the central pattern generator located?

A

throughout the medulla but concentrated in one region = pre-Boetzinger complex

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2
Q

What is the Pre-Boetzinger complex?

A

the respiratory central pattern generator
* creates intrinsic respiratory pattern
* pacemaker

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3
Q

What are the 3 phases of the respiratory pattern?

A
  1. Inspiratory phase
  2. Postinspiratory phase or Expiratory phase I
  3. Expiratory phase or Expiratory phase II
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4
Q

Where are the central chemoreceptors located and what do they respond to/sense?

A

primarily within the medulla
* respond to pCO2 and pH changes

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5
Q

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located and what do they respond to/sense?

A

aortic and carotid bodies
sense hypoxemia, can also be influences by pCO2 and pH but to lesser degree

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6
Q

How do the central chemoreceptors become desensitized to high pCO2

A

do not intrinsically become desensitized over time, but the CNS increases compensatory HCO3- concentration –> ventilation becomes normal again and over time respiratory response to high pCO2 is blunted

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7
Q

Between the carotid and aortic bodies which ones affect respiration more

A

carotid bodies have greater response for respiration wherease aortic bodies affect the circulation more

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8
Q

What type of cells sense the PaO2?

A

type I cells aka “glomus” cells

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9
Q

What 2 nerves are the peripheral chemoreceptors closely related to and transmit information to the CNS?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (carotid bodies)
vagus nerve (aortic bodies)

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10
Q

What is the “Hering-Breuer inflation reflex”?

A

when there is excessive and sustained distention of the lungs -> pulmonary stretch receptors inhibit inspiratory discharge -> protective feedback loop

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11
Q

What receptors within the lungs lead to rapid/shallow breathing in patients with interstitial edema?

A

J receptors (within pulmonary interstitium, close to pulmonary capillaries)

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12
Q

Through which receptors does blood pressure affect respiration?

A

arterial baroreceptors
* marked decrease in BP -> reflex hyperventilation
* marked increase in BP -> reflex hypoventilation

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