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Gen Chem 115 > 1.4 - Chemical Nomenclature > Flashcards

1.4 - Chemical Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Made up of ions and one of these is often a metal.

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2
Q

Covalent Compounds

A

Composed of two nonmetals.

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3
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Involves the sharing of electrons between atoms involved.

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4
Q

Ionic Interactions

A

Less of a bond and more of a transfer of electrons. The ions involved are held together through electrostatic attraction.

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5
Q

Formula Unit

A

Group of atoms represented by a chemical formula.

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6
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest discrete unit of an element or compound.

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7
Q

Compound

A

A group of atoms that behave as a unit.

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8
Q

Diatomic Molecules

A

Elements that exist naturally as a bonded pair of atoms. They are H2,N2,F2,O2,I2,Cl2, and Br2. “Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer”.

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9
Q

Allotropes

A

Different molecular forms of the same element.

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10
Q

Binary

A

Composed of two types of atoms. They have two word names.

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11
Q

The first word of a binary compound?

A

The name of the first element plus a prefix to indicate the number of atoms present.

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12
Q

The second word of a binary compound?

A

The name of the second element with the ending changed to ide, plus a prefix to indicate the number of atoms present.

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13
Q

Carbide

A

Group 4A. Written as C^4-.

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14
Q

Silicide

A

Group 4A. Written as Si^4-.

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15
Q

Nitride

A

Group 5A. Written as N^3-.

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16
Q

Phosphide

A

Group 5A. Written as P^3-.

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17
Q

Oxide

A

Group 6A. Written as O^2-.

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18
Q

Sulfide

A

Group 6A. Written as S^2-.

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19
Q

Selenide

A

Group 6A. Written as Se^2-.

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20
Q

Telluride

A

Group 6A. Written as Te^2-.

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21
Q

Hydride

A

Group 7A. Written as H^-.

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22
Q

Fluoride

A

Group 7A. Written as F^-.

23
Q

Chloride

A

Group 7A. Written as Cl^-.

24
Q

Bromide

A

Group 7A. Written as Br^-.

25
Q

Iodide

A

Group 7A. Written as I^-.

26
Q

Mono-

A

1

27
Q

Di-

A

2

28
Q

Tri-

A

3

29
Q

Tetra-

A

4

30
Q

Penta-

A

5

31
Q

Hexa-

A

6

32
Q

Hepta-

A

7

33
Q

Octa-

A

8

34
Q

Nona-

A

9

35
Q

Deca-

A

10

36
Q

How do you name Binary Molecular Compounds?

A
  • Start with the name of the first element (as it appears on the periodic table).
  • If there is more than one of the first element, add the appropriate prefix. If there is only one of the first element, do not add the mono- prefix.
  • Add the name of the second element with the ending changed to -ide.
  • Add a prefix to indicate how many of the second element there is, regardless of number (here you use the mono- prefix).
  • Be careful with elements that start with a vowel. It’s customary to drop the -o or the -a at the end of prefixes.
37
Q

Water

A

H2O

38
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

39
Q

Phosphine

A

PH3

40
Q

Nitric oxide

A

NO

41
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

N2O

42
Q

Hydrazine

A

N2H4

43
Q

Salts

A

Naming ionic compounds.

44
Q

Ions

A

Atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons.

45
Q

Cations

A

Ions with a positive charge (those that have lost electrons). They will use the name of the element followed by “ion” or “cation”. Ex: Na –> Na^+ + e^-

46
Q

Anions

A

Ions with a negative charge (those that have gained electrons). It will use the -ide endings. Ex: Cl + e^- –> Cl^-

47
Q

Monatomic ions

A

Ions of the main group elements.
Column 1: +1
Column 2: +2
Column 3: +3
Column 4: +/- 4
Column 5: -3
Column 6: -2
Column 7: -1
Column 8: None

48
Q

Transition metal cations

A

It can form more than one cation. That leads to more than one charge. This means that it needs to include the charge when ion is named.

49
Q

Transition metal ions

A

When they are named, they should NOT have a Roman numeral associated with them.

50
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

A group of two or more atoms bonded together that have gained or lost electrons as a group. This gives the entire group and overall charge.

51
Q

How do you name Binary Ionic Compounds?

A
  • Polyatomic ions (chiefly the ammonium cation)
  • Monatomic metal cations with a constant charge
  • Monatomic metal cations with variable charge (transition metals)

Name the anion. Your options include:

  • Monatomic anions (nonmetals)
  • Polyatomic anions
51
Q

Hydrate

A

A term where compounds have water molecules trapped inside their crystal structure.

52
Q

Waters of hydration

A

Water molecules that are stuck in the crystal structure.

Gen Chem 115 (3 decks)

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