1.4 bonding

Question 1

ionic bonding

Answer 1

transfer of electrons. cations and anions are electrically attracted to each other

Question 2

covalent bonding

Answer 2

sharing of electrons. each atom gives one electron to form a bond

Question 3

nature of bonds

Answer 3

ions are held together by the strong electrostatic attraction between negative and positive charges (cations and anions)

Question 4

coordinate bond

Answer 4

A covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom.

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond. It is measured on the Pauling scale. the higher the value, the better an element can attract bonding electrons

Question 6

why do noble gases do not have electronegativity values?

Answer 6

Their outer-shell is full, and therefore they do not have a tendency to gain or attract electrons.

Question 7

no electronegative difference between atoms:

Answer 7

lead to a pure non polar covalent bond

Question 8

small electronegativity difference:

Answer 8

lead to a polar covalent bond

Question 9

large electronegativity difference:

Answer 9

lead to an ionic bond

Question 10

rules for deciding how many bonding and how many lone:

Answer 10

1. identify central atom
2. how many valence electrons it has (group number)
3. add an electron for each bond being added
4. allow for a charge ( if 1- ion you add 1 and if 1+ ion you take away 1)
5. total: electrons divided by 2 becuase they go in pairs

Question 11

forces between molecules

Answer 11

Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules.
- dipole-dipole forces
- induced dipole-induced dipole forces
- hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

dipole-dipole forces

Answer 12

If these dipoles arrange themselves so that the negative region of one molecule is close to the positive region of another, there will be an attraction between them. These are called permanent dipole-dipole interactions and are an example of van Der Waals forces.

Question 13

induced dipole-induced dipole forces

Answer 13

These are the weakest type of intermolecular force and are also van Der Waals forces.

Question 14

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is linear?

Answer 14

bonded pairs: 2
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 180º

Question 15

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is trigonal?

Answer 15

bonded pairs: 3
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 120º

Question 16

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is tetrahedral?

Answer 16

bonded pairs: 4
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 109.5º

Question 17

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is trigonal bipyramidal?

Answer 17

bonded pairs: 5
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 210º

Question 18

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is octahedral?

Answer 18

bonded pairs: 6
lone pairs: 0
bond angle: 90º

Question 19

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is V - shaped ( bent ) ?

Answer 19

bonded pairs: 2
lone pairs: 2
bond angle: 104º

Question 20

how can you determine if a shape of a simple molecule and ion is trigonal pyramidal?

Answer 20

bonded pairs: 3
lone pairs: 1
bond angle: 107º