14 Asynch. Vasculature of Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the pathway of the femoral artery (origin, course, distribution)? What does it supply? What are the branches?
Origin: Continuation of EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY distal to INGUINAL LIGAMENT
Course: Descends through FEMORAL TRIANGLE bisecting it; then through ADDUCTOR CANAL; terminates as it traverses ADDUCTOR HIATUS, where is becomes POPLITEAL ARTERY.
Branches supply anterior and anteromedial aspects of the thigh
1.) DEEP FEMORIS artery- largest branch/cheif artery of thigh (separated by the adductor longus) –> 3 perforating arteries (adductor magnus, hamstrings and vastus lateralis)
2.) medial/lateral CIRCUMFLEX FEMORAL artery posterior RETINACULAR arteries
What happens when there is a fracture at the head of the femur?
Avascular necrosis: bone tissue at the femoral head dies due to lack of blood supply
What is the pathway of the deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris) (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: FEMORAL artery below INGUINAL LIGAMENT
Course: Deeply between pectineus and adductor longus, descending posterior to latter on medial side of femur
Distribution: 3-4 perforating arteries pass through adductor magnus muscle, winding around femur to supply muscles in medial, posterior, and lateral part of anterior compartments
What is the pathway of the medial circumflex femoral artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: DEEP artery
Course: Medially/posteriorly between pectineus and iliopsoas, enters gluteal region and gives rise to posterior retinacular arteries, terminates by dividing into transverse and ascending branches
Distribution: Supplies most of blood to HEAD and NECK of femur, transverse branch takes part in cruciate anastomosis of thigh, ascending branch joins gluteal artery
What is the pathway of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: DEEP artery
Course: Passes laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris, dividing into ascending, transverse, and descending arteries
Distribution: Ascending branch supplies anterior part of gluteal region, transverse branch winds around femur, descending branch joins GENICULAR peri-articular anastomosis
What is the pathway of the popliteal artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: FEMORAL artery at ADDUCTOR HIATUS in adductor magnus
Course: Passes through POPITEAL FOSSA to leg, enters at lower border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Distribution: Superior, middle, and inferior genicular arteries to both lateral and medial knee
What is the pathway of the anterior tibial artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: POPLITEAL
Course: Passes between tibia and fibula into anterior compartmen through gap in superior part of interosseous membrane and descends this membrane between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
Distribution: ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF LEG
What is the pathway of the dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of foot) artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: Continuation of ANTERIOR tibial artery distal to inferior extensor retinaculum
Course: Descends anteromedially to first interosseous space and divides into plantar and arcuate arteries
Distribution: muscles on dorsum of foot, pierces first dorsal interosseous muscles as deep plantar artery to contribute to formation of plantar arch
What is the pathway of the posterior tibial artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: POPLITEAL
Course: Passes through posterior compartment of leg and terminates distal to flexor retinaculum by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries.
Distribution: Posterior and lateral compartments of leg, circumflex fibular branch joins anastomoses around knee, nutrient artery passes to tibia
Main branch: FIBULAR
Terminal branches: medial and lateral plantar arteries
What is the pathway of the fibular artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: POSTERIOR TIBIAL
Course: Descends in posterior compartment adjacent to posterior intermuscular septum
Distribution: Posterior compartment of leg, perforating branches supply lateral compartment of leg
What is the pathway of the deep plantar artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: deep plantar artery
Course: Passes deeply between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle to enter sole of foot, joins with lateral plantar artery to form DEEP PLANTAR ARCH.
What is the pathway of the lateral tarsal artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: DORSALIS PEDIS A.
runs laterally in an arched course to supply muscles and underlying tarsals and joints.
What is the pathway of the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: DEEP PLANTAR A.
Divides into branches that supply both sides of the great toe and medial side of the 2nd toe.
What is the pathway of the arcuate artery (origin, course, distribution)? Branches?
Runs laterally across bases of lateral 4 metatarsals, deep to extensor tendons, lateral aspect of forefoot, where it anastomose with lateral tarsal artery to form ARTERIAL LOOP.
Branches: 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsal arteries.
What is the pathway of the medial plantar artery (origin, distribution)? Branches?
Origin: POSTERIOR TIBIAL A.
Distribution: deep branch: muscles of great toe
Larger superficial branch: supplies skin on medial side of sole and digital branches/
