14 - Art and Sanctuaries

Question 1

Context

Answer 1

Abandon the idea of discussing art without context.

Question 2

Techne

Answer 2

Didn’t have a specific word for art. Techno was just being excellent at something. No explicit word but an understanding of it.

Question 3

Dedications at the Agora

Answer 3

Agora was important for dedications and political monuments such as the Tyrannicides. Full of paintings, marble, bronze dedication. Covered with works. Offerings one next to the other without consideration of chronology.

Question 4

Late developments in art (Hellenistic and Roman)

Answer 4

Strong evidence of collections in palaces. Art in private houses and villas. Funeral amphoras are visible and continue to affect.

Question 5

Dedications at Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia

Answer 5

Many, many dedications. Offerings one next to the other without consideration of chronology.

Question 6

4 kouroi from Sounion

Answer 6

Early on, you could have a case where sculptural decoration would dedicate a sanctuary without a temple. These kouroi were dedicated at around 590 BCE. First attempt to create temple in late 6th, destroyed by Persians (incomplete). First lasting temple built in 5th century.

Question 7

Polyzalos from Gela Monument

Answer 7

478 or 474. Sanctuary of Apollon at Delphi - Victory monument that has the Bronze Charioteer. Don’t go to temple to dedicate something randomly - want something or are greatful.

Question 8

Daochos Monument

Answer 8

338-334 BCE. Celebrating victory of family of Dachas - supposedly by Lysippos

Question 9

Statues of Zeus at Olympus

Answer 9

After victory at game, winner got to dedicate your statue at sanctuary of Zeus. If you were caught cheating, you had to dedicate a statue of Zeus. Therefore there were lots of statues of Zeus. Area preserved for an eternal monument against cheating.

Question 10

Philippeion

Answer 10

After 338. Dedication in Zeus of Olympia. Piece of architecture imitating tools. Celebrates victory of Macedonian king Phillip. Small but in the most sacred area of sanctuary. Doing something nobody else attempted: statues of ivory and gold of him and his family. These materials were associated with images of divinity, not human beings. Monument, treasury, celebration of Phillip and family, attempt to elevate them to divine.

Question 11

Sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron

Answer 11

Most famous sanctuary celebrating childhood in Athens. Several large reliefs approaching divinity thanking for childbirth that didn’t result in death, as countless babies and mothers died. Husbands of the dead mothers would dedicate their clothes to the divinity.

Question 12

Dedications for business success

Answer 12

Usually not associated with members as the elite, as they were already successful. One monument shows potter seated - significant because sitting down was indicative of divinity sometimes.

Question 13

Asklepieion in Athens

Answer 13

A place for health dedications in Athens. Health dedications were extremely specific in nature.

Question 14

Votive relief to Asklepios

Answer 14

420/10 BCE - Worshipper approaches the seated god, asking for health.

Question 15

Sanctuary of Amynos

Answer 15

A large number of images explicitly associated with specific body parts that needed healing or had been healed.

Question 16

Dedication to Amynos

Answer 16

Mid-4th century BCE. Amynos shown in the process of healing a leg. Leg is shown huge and isolated. In the backdrop, another depiction of feet: they are shown before and after the healing.

Question 17

Sanctuary of Amphiaraos

Answer 17

The most important sanctuary of healing. Healing centers were commonly associated with money, so cities like to be associated with the sanctuary. Periods where it belonged to Thebes, periods to Athens. Given a drink, slept, dreamt something of the god, told healers the dream, they did something.

Question 18

Archinos relief

Answer 18

First half of the 4th century BCE.. Shows three times during the course of his healing process.

Question 19

Geometric means of competition in sanctuaries

Answer 19

Bronze Tripods in Samos, Zeus at Olympia, Zeus at Dodona, Ithaca

Question 20

Archaic temple dedication competitions

Answer 20

Gargantuan temples; cities competing no who has the temple that is the largest or made with the best materials. Dipterous, pseudodipteros, etc. At some point, Athens entered as well, trying to create a huge temple (never completed) to Zeus.

Question 21

5th century/early 4th dedication competitions

Answer 21

Not the temple but what you put in it: colossal chryselephantine statues.

Question 22

Panhellenic sanctuaries associated with Olympic games

Answer 22

Nimea, Poseidon at Ismea, Apollo in Delphi, Zeus at Olympia, Delos

Question 23

Nike by Paionios

Answer 23

425. Placed on tall pillar at Olympia - placement and height important. Golden shield dedicated by the Spartans in 457 after the battle at Tanagra. It is at the top of temple, almost occupying it. Nike dedicated 30 years later by Messenians and Naupactians; they had just defeated Spartans in a battle. Got permission to place it so that it entered in direct competition with the shield.

Question 24

Statues of Nikai dedicated by Spartans in Delphi

Answer 24

After victory at Ephesos: 409; after Aigospotamoi: 405. Spartans not amused by the Nike by Paionios so they asked to dedicate two more statues at Olympia but administration refused so they went to Delphi. New victorious monuments sitting over the stoa of the Athenians, taking down its importance.

Question 25

Three dedications in succession - dedication wars

Answer 25

Athenian dedication after Marathon
405 - Spartan dedication after victory over Athenians at Aigospotamoi
370 - Arcadian dedication after victory over Spartans at Boeotia and invasion of Spartan Territory.

Question 26

Athenian Post-Persian War dedication

Answer 26

Athenians dedicated a number of captured Persian shields to Delphi; placed at eastern and southeastern architrave

Question 27

Aetolian stoa dedication

Answer 27

After 281 BCE, the Aeolians erect large stoa outside the central west wall of the tameness to commemorate victory over Gauls

Question 28

Attain victory dedication

Answer 28

After victory of Attalos I, Pergamenes dedicate stoa at central east part of tameness, breaking the barrier.

Question 29

Alexander’s dedication

Answer 29

After his victory at Granicus, sent 14 shields and 300 panoplies to Athens. Shields were gilded and placed under eastern metopes.