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Life in the Cosmos > 14-20 > Flashcards

14-20 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was lowel and what did he do

A

spent 20 yrs documenting and mapping 437 cannals

None of this is belive dto be correct although his features are documented as true geological structures

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2
Q

What are the faces and pyramids on mars

A

Face and structures which were debunked by viking 1 in 1976

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3
Q

what was ALH 84001

A

1.93kg
4.5 b yrs old
thought to have had water on it when it left mars
electron microscope revelaed fossiled bacteria
strong evidence of life on mars

found layered sequances of Ca-Mg-Fe-carbonates

It has been suggested that the carbonates are consisytant with hydrothermal fluids - similar to subaquaous volcanic vents on earth

thought to have been launched by a 1km asteroid 16 million years ago

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4
Q

What is the Zagami meteroite

A

18 kg thing
1962
belived to come from mars

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5
Q

how do things leave mars

A

faster than escape velocity - 5km/s
meteroite impact

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6
Q

Why did water disapearfrom mars

A

most surface water was lost 3.7-3 billion years ago
changes in the core - lost magnetic field and lost oceans

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7
Q

When was the first mars flyby?

A

1964 - mariner 4 - 21 images

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8
Q

when was the first major mission to mars

A

Viking project - two orbital and lander craft
1976 - V1 and V2

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9
Q

What were the viking space missions doing>

A

Pyroltyic release (carbon relases
gas exchange
labled release

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10
Q

what were the results of the Viking experiments

A

LR - milxed soil with organic nutrients and C14 atoms - if microbes, metabolisation would take place, producing CO2 or methane, which could be measured — It did : 10,000 counts of radio active molecules, higher than the background 50-60

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11
Q

What did the gas spectrometer findings tell us

A

seoerated water vapour via gas chromotograph and fed the weight to a spectometer

Fe Si and O were found but no Carbon - no organic matter on martian surface
- difficult to explain with the results of the LR

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12
Q

are the results of the viking chemical or biological

A

chemical

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13
Q

what is the Mars Global Surveyer

A

since 1999, 240,00 images of mars
south - rough and heavily creators - a number of volcanoes - shows geological activity
north - younger with fewer creatrts

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14
Q

what is the Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner

A

landed in 1977
wheeled robic rover called sojourner

Sent 2.3 billion bits of information
16,500 pics
8.5 million measurements

Showed that the core of mars may have an iron core of between 1300km and 2400km

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15
Q

what is the tilt of earth and mars

A

axis tilt is 25 d, earth is 23.5

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16
Q

what are seasons and weather on mars

A

southern hemishphere has more extreame seasons

winter - temp drops so low that co2 condenses into dry ice at the poles
summer - CO2 sublimates and water ice remains

17
Q

What happens to the pressure at the poles on mars

A

pressure increases at summer pole and decreases at winter pole

18
Q

What is the unusual weather on mars

A

stong winds from the cycling of CO2 can cuase large storms - dust devils - spirlaing upwards

19
Q

why does mars atmousphere leak out

A

leading theory -
weak gravity
lack of global magnetic foeidl
left atmoushere vulnerable to pressure from solar windwha

20
Q

twhat is the history of water on mars

A

3800 m yrs CO2 gradually disappears uasing lakes and rovers to freeze

3100 m yrs ago - atmoushphere thins, no liquid water can survive

1500 m yrs ago - atmous very thin, no liquid water

21
Q

what is the mats odyssey

A

robotic spaxe craft orbiting mars
spectometer and themal imager
found water ice in upper 1m of soil in south pole (cant see deeper than 1m )

22
Q

How much ice on mars

A

The amount of hydrogen detected by the gamma-ray spectromter indicates 20-50% ice by mass in the lower layer

23
Q

what is the MRO

A

mars reconnaissance orbiter

finds the strongest evidnce that salty liquid water flows intemitantly

24
Q

what is curiosity

A

landed in 2012 in gale creater - collecting data for a manned mission

25
Q

tell me about jupiter

A

rotation period - 9h55
mainly H and He
67 moons and thin ring systems

26
Q

tell me about saturn

A

10h 34 rotation
M<ianly H
H atoms packed so close together, atoms start sharing electons and behaves like a storm
62 moons and extensive ring system but only 20m thick

27
Q

Tell me about uranus

A

17h14m
mainly H and He
27 monns and 2 sets of rings

28
Q

Tell me about Neptune

A

rotation period = 16.1h
H and He
14 moons and thin rings

29
Q

Where are the gas gianets located

A

outside 2AU
planet surfaces are too cold for liquid water

30
Q

what is the roche limit

A

the smallest disatmace which moon can orbit wirthout being torn apaert by the gravity of the planet
the orbiting speed eventually cuases rthe material to forma ring

31
Q

what is Ganymede

A

largest moon in soalr system around jupitr

32
Q

what is titan

A

largest moon of saturn
discovered in 1655
atmoushphere discovered in 1944
2nd largest moon in solar system
5000 km di
14% gravity of eatrth
-180 degrees
no magnetoc field
dense atmoushphere 0 nitogenm, methane and traces of hydrocarbons
surface pressure is 150% of earth

Likley has a subsurface ocean 60km below

1.88 g/cm cubed density

Not only ice - likley to ahve rock

outside habitable zone

the future:

Likley to become habitable
methane will create green house
water will be supported on the surface
amonia will slow chemical reactions

33
Q

what is titans atmoushphere like

A

methane
- finsing is supring as sun radition would have tuend it all inot hydrocarbons, so the methan must be being replenished - cryovolcanoes?

There may be seas of ethane

layer 1 - 600km, where UV breaks down methan and N - react to form more complex organic molecules

these small particles collide and fall deeper to the lower main haze layer, layer 2

34
Q

what were the cassini/Huygens mission

A

mission to titan
took 7 years
saw pheobe on the way in

huygen probe - no liquids

cassini orbiter - found lake in north polar region

35
Q

how to detect extrasolar planets

A

directly - piccys or spectra of ecoplanets
indirectly - measurement of star properties may reveal the effects of orbiting planets

36
Q

tell me about direct detection of planets

A

works when planet
close
large
far from host star
hot and bright - thermal imaging

examples:
HR8799 - 30 m yr old main sequance star 129 ly away

37
Q

tell me about indirect methods

A

astronomy
transitys
doppler shirts
pulsar timing
microlensing

38
Q

what is proper motion

A

apparent angular motion of stars across the sky, measured with respoect to more distant stars

39
Q

What is europa

A

moon
tidally locked to jupoiter

Life in the Cosmos (3 decks)

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