14-15 Lit

Question 1

A movement in the intellectual life of the young America that remained a force until the Civil War. Emphasized the individual’s ability to apprehend truths that lay higher or deeper than mere experience could garner.

Answer 1

American transcendentalism

Question 2

idea that human beings are the center of the universe and the most important living things in it, above all other forms of life

Answer 2

anthropocentrism

Question 3

adjective describing something that has been caused or generated by human beings or human behavior

Answer 3

anthropogenic

Question 4

refers to the attribution of human qualities to non-human entities; talking animals are one example.

Answer 4

anthropomorphism

Question 5

nonfiction writing that uses the craft of the fiction writer, including such techniques as personification, anthropomorphism, the development of a narrative persona, episodic narration, irony, apostrophe, symbolism, and so on

Answer 5

creative nonfiction

Question 6

phrase that describes a branch of the current environmental movement that posits the inherent value of all living things and opposes anthropocentrism

Answer 6

Deep Ecology

Question 7

refers to any explicit concern for the effects of human activity on the natural world; also describes a widespread twentieth-century movement to limit, mitigate, or solve problems caused by the human degradation of nature galvanized by concerns about pollution

Answer 7

environmentalism

Question 8

poetry that is not constrained by conventional formal restrictions of rhyme, meter, or line and stanza length

Answer 8

free verse

Question 9

a mode - set of plot elements, themes, and motifs - that crosses genres; arose as a major aesthetic mode in the arts in the 18th century as a cultural reaction to that era’s obsession with Enlightenment ideals; protagonist is often pursued by mysterious antagonist with occult and violent tendencies who is cruel and driven by lust; setting frequently evokes the Middle Ages and France/Spain.

Answer 9

The Gothic

Question 10

phrase used to describe the 18th & 19th century expansion of production fueled by capitalism and its various markets & industries, as well as the political hegemony of the European bourgeoisie & the exploitation of non-European peoples for labor and natural resourses

Answer 10

Industrial Revolution

Question 11

short poem that generally expresses a single emotion or sentiment by means of literary tropes (metaphor or metonymy) and figures of speech (personification & prosopopeia)

Answer 11

lyric

Question 12

a movement in literature and the arts that began in Western European countries (Britain, France, & Italy) just before WWI and lasted until just after WWII; characterized by an emphasis on historical discontinuity & a commitment to newness, and technical experimentation & innovation

Answer 12

modernism

Question 13

storytelling with the recounting of a story; form of verbal expression with a beginning, middle, and end, plot, character development, and a narrative voice/persona

Answer 13

narrative

Question 14

refers to nonfiction essays of varying lengths (esp written after late 18th cent) that are characterized by a profound concern for a particular place and its biota; generally accompanied by spritual or theological reflections

Answer 14

nature writing

Question 15

refers to an ideologically charged mode of thinking about Asia/North Africa and the 19th cent study of Near, Middle, & Far Eastern nations and peoples; marked by the belief that Asian/North African peoples, while diverse, share certain characteristics that contrast markedly with the inhabitants of the West.

Answer 15

Orientalism

Question 16

refers to literature or art set in the countryside that celebrates rural life and either explicitly or implicitly compares it with urban life

Answer 16

pastoral

Question 17

term that initially was used to describe a shift in post-WWII creative art and architecture that strove toward a new aesthetic sensibility in reaction to modernism. The term is now more commonly used to describe art produced after the last 1960’s; literary texts often emphasize pastiche (mixed media), historical context, the local (as opposed to international), and uncertainty as to setting, narrative persona, and plot

Answer 17

postmodernism

Question 18

late 18th/early 19th cent movement in literature, music, and art that emphasized emotionality, energy, experimentation with the forms of self-expression, and personal experience over tradition, control, normative values, and received opinions and forms.

Answer 18

romanticism

Question 19

fourteen-line lyric poem; can be Italian or English

Answer 19

sonnet

Question 20

divided into an octave with rhymes ABBA ABBA and sestet with rhymes CDCDCD or CDECDE; strong “turn” at end of octave such that the sestet becomes a riposte

Answer 20

Italian sonnet

Question 21

contains three quatrains (4 lines each) and a concluding couplet (2 lines), rhyming ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Answer 21

English sonnet

Question 22

the voice or persona in which an author or poet chooses to deliver a narrative or poem

Answer 22

speaker

Question 23

conceptual category from the philosophical discourse of aesthetics used to describe an overwhelming sensory experience in which the perceiver is awestruck and emotionally transported by an immensely powerful experience of the natural world, such as an alpine or arctic landscape, a storm at sea, a catarct or waterfall, or anything containing immense energy and the power to destroy the perceiver.

Answer 23

The Sublime

Question 24

this period is notable for the expansion of the British Empire over approximately one-fourth of the Earth’s surface as well as for the passage of numerous reform laws by Parliment; the political era corresponded with the height of the Industrial Revolution, in which English literature flourished, esp poetry and the novel

Answer 24

Victorian Period