1.4 Flashcards
What is redundancy?
When skills of current employees are no longer needed by the business and the role no longer exists
What is Taylor’s theory on motivation?
Piece-rate pay, that when employees are paid more for being productive they become more motivated and engaged in their job.
What the advantages and disadvantages of Taylor’s theory?
Advantage: may improve productivity meaning business can lower costs by employing fewer employees
Disadvantage: employees may rush leading to mistakes and errors. Also means that employees become bored respecting same tasks
What is mayo’s theory of motivation?
He believed workers would be more motivated if their managers were more invested in them as people.
What are mayo’s methods to improve employee motivation?
-improving communication between leaders, managers and employees
-offering opportunities for group and team work
What is Maslow theory of motivation?
Is known as the hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy provides five categories of needs which a business must cater to if its employees are to be as motivated as possible
What is on the hierarchy of needs in order?
- Self actualisation (full potential met through achievement)
- Esteem
3.belongingness and love
4.safety + physiological needs
What does Herzberg’s theory of motivation state?
That a business should offer hygiene factors such as safe working conditions, pay, relationships and clear policies. Will stop them from becoming demotivated.
Should also offer motivating factors such as opportunities for recognition, achievement and responsibility
Advantages + disadvantages of herzbergs theory
Pro: structured approach to improve motivation
Con: factors may not apply to all staff. Won’t place the same importance on each hygiene and motivating factor
Advantages of staff as asset
Can attract employees
Employees better trained and skilled lower labour turnover
More consultation improved motivation and more creative ideas generated
Cons of staff as asset
Can be expensive (wage+training costs)
Pros of staff as cost
Can meet demand more efficiently by using flexible workers
Decisions made quicker as there is no consultation with workforce
Cons of staff as cost
High labour turnover leading to increased recruitment costs
Lower levels of motivation as pay is only motivator
Harder to recruit best employees with a bad reputation
What is multi-skilling
Equipping employees to do more than one job within a business. Can be achieved through mentorship, training etc
Pros and cons of multi-skilled workers
Pros
Allows a business to respond quicker and more effectively to problems.
Frees time for others to work on more demanding activities
Cons
No specialised staff
Expected to work harder with no extra pay
Problems if staff are not trained properly
Pro and cons of internal recruitment
Pros
Employees characteristics are already known
Opportunity for promotion (is motivating)
Cons
May cause conflict between employees
Limits new ideas coming into company
Pros and cons of external recruitment
Pros
Wider talent pool to select from
Expands company’s knowledge base
Cons
Higher recruitment cost
May take longer to fill vacancy
Job description vs specification
JD- states title of job and outlined the tasks, duties and responsibilities associated with job(shozs what is expect employee)
JS- provides details of the qualification, experience, skill attitudes
Pros + cons of on the job training
Pros
Output is being produced
Relevant to what employee will be doing
Cheaper
Easy to organise
Cons
Output may be lost if workers make mistakes
May be stressful for the worker
Unpaid trainers might be frustrated
Could be a danger to others eg surgeon
Pros + cons of off the job training
Pros
Output is not affected if mistakes are made
Learning can’t be distracted by work
Training could take place out of working hours
Customers and others are not put at risk
Cons
No output bc employees don’t contribute to work
Some of the job training is expensive if done by specialists
Some aspects of work cannot be taught off the job
May take time to organise
Trainees feel that training isn’t relevant
Pros and cons of part time employees
Pros
They are flexible (work during busy days/rush hour)
Lower costs
Wide range of workers
Cons
May not be fully dedicated to business as they may have a second job
May leave for a full time job
Not as much loyalty
Temporary workers pros and cons
Pros
Help with seasonal demand
Make up for employee shortages
Agencies may complete paperwork
Cons
Agency staff may be expensive
Higher injury rate
Will need training(time+money)
What is autocratic leadership?
Leaders that make decisions without consultations e.g army
What is Democratic leadership
When the leader consults the team but makes the final decision
What is paternalistic leadership?
Leader acts in a parental way towards the workforce. Decisions based on workforce as well as business
What is laissez-faire leadership?
Laissez-faire (to leave alone) the leader allows them to make the decisions
