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business theme 1 > 1.4 > Flashcards

1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the benefits of seeing staff as an asset

A

-good employee relations
-valued and appreciated staff
- low staff turnover

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2
Q

what are the drawbacks of seeing staff as an asset

A

-cost of training
-lose of control from the top

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3
Q

what are the benefits of seeing staff as a costs

A

-specialised staff at one task, consistency
-high levels of managerial control
-minimum wage= low cost

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4
Q

what are the drawbacks of seeing staff as a costs

A

-demotivated
-targets tasks and high expectations
-high turnover

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5
Q

what is soft HR

A

-staff development
-empowerment, staff got control
-consultation
-flat structure

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6
Q

what is hard HR

A

-controlled mechanisms
-centralised decisions
-tall structure
-minimum wage and fixed term contracts

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7
Q

what is multiskilling work

A

-training staff in multiple areas of work
-staff gain more utility

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8
Q

what is part-time work

A

when an employee works partial areas usually on shorter shifts
-provides good flexibility
-works well with inconsistent demand
-retain skilled workers

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9
Q

what is a temporary employee

A

a seasonal member of staff, provides help during times of high demand
-full & part time work
-good work life balance
-low cost staff

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10
Q

what is flexible hours & home work

A

when an employee does the required work whenever its convenient for them, no strict work hours.
-less travel
-removes barriers
-better work life balance

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11
Q

what is outsourcing

A

when a business has products or components of the product made by other businesses.
-gain expertise, higher quality
-flexibility in supply

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12
Q

what is dismissal from work

A

when an employees work contacted is terminated as a disciplinary action due to them breaching there contract

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13
Q

what is redundancy

A

when an employees contracted is terminated due to the job no longer existing within the business, could be through restructuring, re-location or new technology

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14
Q

what is a trade union

A

a national organisation with a remit to protect its members and improve conditions, provides job security and fair treatment

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15
Q

what is a work council

A

two way communication, is a legal right for the employees if the business has over 50 employees

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16
Q

what is internal recruitment

A

when a vacancy within a business is filled from an internal candidate and not available to external candidate

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17
Q

what are the benefits of internal recruitment

A

-low cost
-promotion prospects
know candidates
-quick process

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18
Q

what are the drawbacks of internal recruitment

A

-reduces talent pool
-limited applicants
-could cause friction between employee’s

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19
Q

what is external recruitment

A

when a vacancy within a business is open to internal and external applicants

20
Q

what are the benefits of external recruitment

A

-better talent pool
-increased number of applicants
-new ideas in the business
-internal staff can still apply

21
Q

what are the drawbacks of external recruitment

A

-increased cost
-may upset internal staff
-the business doesn’t know the candidates work ethic

22
Q

what are the costs of recruitment

A

-job description & personal spec need analysing
-advertising the job
-opportunity cost of managers time
-re-imbursement of travel costs

23
Q

what is on-the-job training

A

when an employee trains at the workplace from experienced employees (employee is tailored by the company)

24
Q

what is off-the-job training

A

where an employee trains externally from expertise (broad to the industry)

25
Q

Alec Rodger’s seven point plan to selection

A
  1. psychical make up- appearance
    2.attainments- education
  2. intelligence- adaptability
  3. aptitudes- specialties
  4. interests- hobbies
    6.dispostion- humor
  5. circumstances-geography
26
Q

what is tall structure

A

when a business has high levels of the hierarchy with a long chain of command for a narrow span of control

27
Q

what are the advantages of a tall structure

A

-promotion path
-lines of authority & responsibility
-horizontal communication
-managers have no subordinates

28
Q

what are the disadvantages of a tall structure

A

-messages get lost or confused
-many levels slows communication
-harder to manage quality & consistency due to so many layers

29
Q

what is flat structure

A

when a business has less levels of hierarchy with a short chain of command but with a wide span of control

30
Q

what are the advantages of flat structure

A

-less costly due to less senior staff
-clearer communication
-workers gain more control over how they work
-decision making is quicker due to less layers
-lots of delegation from managers

31
Q

what are the disadvantages of a flat structure

A

-manager can be too “too hands” on
-few promotional opportunities
-workers get overwhelmed with delegated tasks

32
Q

chain of command

A

-the way authority & power is passed down the levels of the hierarchy, the longer the chain the slower the communication is.

33
Q

what is span of control

A

-the number of subordinates that a manger or supervisor is directly responsible for.

34
Q

what is managerial authority

A

-the power of an employee to instruct subordinates, make decisions and control the use of resources.
-can be decentralized or centralized

35
Q

what is decentralized decision making

A

-the responsibility of decision making is delegated to middle managers throughout the hierarchy

36
Q

what is centralized decision making

A
  • the responsibility of decision making is maintained by a limited number of senior managers, at the top of the hierarchy.
37
Q

what is matrix structure

A

-where employees are placed into teams from different functional areas to work on a specific project.

38
Q

what are the advantages of matrix structure

A

+
-communication across functional areas
-range of viewpoints considered
-functions support & understand each aspect for producing the project/product
-motivational as feeling part of a team

39
Q

disadvantages for matrix structure

A

-
-potential loss of control
-dependent upon effective delegation
-teams may take time to work together effectively
-can cause conflict

40
Q

what is de-layering

A

the process of removing layers of the hierarchy between the highest & lowest levels, typically removes middle managers

41
Q

what are the advantages of de-layering

A

+
-cuts costs within the business
-shortens command chain, improves communication and speeds up decision making

42
Q

what are the disadvantages of de-layering

A

-
-might cause a change in management styles & job roles within the business which can cause confusion
-less chance of promotion can demotivate
-can increase workload for existing staff

43
Q

what is Abraham Maslow’s theory

A
  • Maslow thought there were 5 levels of human needs, the first is psychological i.e. basic needs, shelter, food
    safety, i.e. safe environment, job security
    social i.e. feeling wanted, team working
    esteem i.e. self- respect, level of status
    self-actualisation i.e. achieving targets, fulfil potential
44
Q

what is Elton Mayo’s theory

A
  • mayo believed it was not money but social needs that acted as a motivator
    Mayo used 2 groups and isolated them in their work place and changed factors such as dim lighting but it did not effect the team working together but it did effect the group who were not working together
45
Q

What is Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s theory

A
  • Taylor thought employees were only motivated by pay, he thought managers such break down production into small tasks to specialise workers to a task with minimal training while improving productivity
46
Q
A

business theme 1 (4 decks)

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