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History ALevel - Tudors > 1.3.Englands Relations With Scotland And Other Foreign Powers 1485-1509 (henry VII) > Flashcards

1.3.Englands Relations With Scotland And Other Foreign Powers 1485-1509 (henry VII) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Henry’s main concerns with foreign policy?

A

Wanted to maintain positive relations with foreign powers to ensure :
• national security (defence)
• recognition of the Tudor dynasty
• defence of English trading interests

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2
Q

What was the hundred year war ? Did Henry want to continue this ?

A

Conflict that lasted on and off from 1337 to 1453 and was fought between England and the country seen by many English as the traditional enemy: France

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3
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1487?

A

The French invasion of Brittany

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4
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1488?

A

Anglo-French truce

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5
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1489?

A

Treaty of Redon between England and Brittany

Treaty of medina deal campo between England and Spain

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6
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1492?

A

England invades France

Treaty of Etaples between England and France

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7
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1496?

A

Magnus intercursus

Scotland invades England

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8
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1497?

A

Truce of ayton between England and Scotland

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9
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1501?

A

Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

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10
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1502 ?

A

Death of prince Arthur

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11
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1503?

A

Marriage of princess Margaret and Jamie’s IV of Scotland

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12
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1504?

A

Death of queen Isabella of Castile

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13
Q

KEY CHRONOLOGY: Foreign Relations During The Reign Of Henry VII

What happened in 1506?

A

Philip of burgundy and Juana of Castile in England (January )
Malus intercursus
Death of Philip of burgundy (September)

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14
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What was Henry’s first major foreign policy?

A

Henry’s first major foreign policy came in Brittany, a fiefdom of the French crown which has enjoyed effective independence

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15
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

Why did Henry summon a parliament in 1489? What were the reasons for this?

A

To grant him extraordinary revenue to raise an army against the French.
He did this for two main reasons:
• his sense of obligation to the Bretons
• his fear that direct French control of Brittany could increase a potential French threat to England

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16
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What was the name of the treaty England and France agreed on in February 1489?

A

Treaty of Redon

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17
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What did the treaty of Redon cover ?

A

The duchess Anne would pay for a small English army to defend Brittany from French threat.

Henry was also trying to strengthen the alliance with Maximilian who had contracted a marriage by proxy with anne and had no desire for the duct of Brittany to fall into French hands
What

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18
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What happen with Anne, the English and the French?

A

The English army went to Brittany but Anne fearing the prolonged resistance to the French reluctantly married Charles VIII leavening the English army marooned in Brittany, Maximilian lost interest in the matter leaving henry in a difficult position

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19
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

Who seeked backing in France and how did this progress and effect henry?

A

Perkin Warbeck was seeking French backing for his claim to the English throne
In his first foreign adventure henry had an immediate setback

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20
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What did Henry do to France in 1492?

A

Launched an invasion on France in 1492 late in the campaigning season - strategic
French quickly sought peace settlement
H advisors gambolled that Charles VIII was more interested in Italian invasion in
Treaty of etaples made

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21
Q

BRITTANY AND FRANCE

What treaty was made between France and England in 1492? And what did it involve ?

A

Treaty of Etaples November 1492
Charles VIII agreed to withdraw support for warbeck
Pay pension to Henry
Improved financial position and relatively cordial Anglofrench relations

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22
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Where did the bulk of England’s exports go through?

A

Netherlands ports
Antwerp and Bruges
Came under burgundy’s jurisdiction

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23
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Why did England have to keep relatively positive relations with burgundy?

A

England’s exports went through Netherlands ports and therefore came under burgundy’s jurisdiction.
Important for commercial reasons for good relations

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24
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Who made English burgundy relationships difficult?

A

The presence of Margaret duchess of burgundy
Sister of Edward iv and Richard iii
Leading upholder of yorkist cause
Margret - stepson in law - Maximilian HRE

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25
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Explain the deterioration of the relationship between England and burgundy

A

Relations deteriorated as a result of the hospitality which Maximilian and Philip were offering to perkin warbeck
Can we gamble that putting in Bago on English trade with Burgundy would ease the matter
This caused problems with Henry‘s foreign policy aims - Securing the Dynasty and encouraging trade - putting them in conflict with each other
This showed that Henry was prepared to sacrificed the commercial interests of London and East Coast merchants which did nothing for his popularity in those parts of the country

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26
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

How did relations between burgundy and England improve

A

When Warlbeck left burgundy and Henry and Philip are able to agree the intercusus Magnus in 1496 push for the trade embargo to an end

Anglo Burgundian relations became central to Henry’s foreign policy calculations in 1504 following death of Isabella Queen of Castile

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27
Q

BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

What is the treaty of Windsor?

A

The Treaty of Windsor was a new trade agreement (intercursus malus) following the death of Isabella Queen of Castile
Henry showed the same forceful approach adopting in his domestic financial affairs
• he demanded a trade deal which would’ve given a much stronger trading position to English merchants in the Netherlands however this had never been put into practice
• Philip + Maximilian had agreed to handover the Yorkist fugitive the Earl of Suffolk who Henry promptly imprisoned in the tower
• Henry had appeared to improve the English trading position and the security of the Dynasty

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28
Q

SPAIN

Who ruled over Spain?

A

Spain was ruled over by Ferdinand and his wife Isabella it was a powerful state which Henry had hoped to develop good relations with

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29
Q

SPAIN

What treaty was made between Spain and England? What did this entail?

A

The Treaty of Medina deal campo
In 1489 it was important development for Henry it gave him some international peace and security
The two monarchies of a mutual protection in the event of an attack
They agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
The tree she arranged marriage alliance between Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon who was the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella

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30
Q

SPAIN

What were the problems of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

A

Arrangements for the royal marriage did not go smoothly
Ferdinand reluctant to allow the marriage to go ahead as long as Henrys dynastic stability remained threatened by perkin warbeck
The two Monarchs argued over the size of Catherine‘s dowery

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31
Q

SPAIN

When where details of Arthurs and Catherine’s marriage agreed and when did the marriage take place

A

1499 the marriage details agreed

1501 marriage took place

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32
Q

SPAIN

Why did Arthur and Catherine‘s marriage break up

A

Arthur died in 1502

33
Q

SPAIN

What complications did Henry and Ferdinand have in 1502

A

Henry immediately suggested that Catherine should marry his second son Prince Henry the Ferdinand was reluctant to agree he did not need an English alliance and the proposed marriage would require a papal dispensation which could be arranged but it would be pricey
In 1504 Henry lost his enthusiasm for the marriage when the death of Isabella made Ferdinand a less significant political figure this was during the resultant succession struggle with Spain between Ferdinand and Juana (Catherine of Aragon’s sister) Henry supported Juana
Juana and her husband Philip a burgundy set sail for Spain in January 1506 but were forced to take refuge in England when there ship was wrecked at sea

34
Q

SPAIN

Who did Henry make the Treaty of Windsor with in 1506

A

Juana and her husband Philip of burgundy

It secured a stronger relationship between the three Monarchs

35
Q

SPAIN

What did the Treaty of Windsor secure

A
  • The intercursus malus ~ restoring trade relations between England and burgundy
  • The return of the Earl of Suffolk~ securing Henry’s Dynasty
  • The proposed marriage for himself with Philip sister the Archduchess Margaret~ Aimed at strengthening Henry‘s rule after the death of his wife Elizabeth this marriage never happened
  • Henry’s recognition of Juana and Philip as rulers of Castile ~ strengthening the couples claim to the Spanish throne
36
Q

SPAIN

Whose death proved disastrous for Henry involving the Treaty of Windsor

A

Philip of Burgundy‘s death

was soon after the couples arrival in Spain

37
Q

SPAIN

Why did Philips death harm the treaty Of Windsor

A
  • Juana , grief stricken, was described by her father as gone mad
  • this gave Ferdinand the opportunity once more to become Regent of Castile
  • This left Henry diplomatically isolated as once again he had been diplomatically outsmarted by a major European monarch
  • Ferdinand ensure that the marriage between Henry and Catherine would not take place in Henry VIIs life time though they did marry once Prince Henry had to come to the throne as King Henry VIII
38
Q

SCOTLAND

How were the relations between England and Scotland in 1485 - 1495

A

Anglo Scottish relations were tense

39
Q

SCOTLAND

Who offered hospitality to Perkin Warlbeck when he came of age in 1495?

A

King James IV of Scotland

40
Q

SCOTLAND

How long did Perkin Warlbeck stay at Scottish court for and what did he gain out of this?

A

Warlbeck stayed for two years at the Scottish court he received not only a pension but also an aristocratic marriage

41
Q

SCOTLAND

Who did Perkin Warlbeck Marry?

A

Lady Catherine Gordon

42
Q

SCOTLAND

Who cross the border between Scotland and England in 1496?

A

James encouraged Warlbeck to cross the border in 1496 with an army

43
Q

SCOTLAND

Explain Warbeck attack in 1496

A

The army was small it spent a little time in England and receive no support from the people of Northumberland it quickly retreated back over the border when it received news that English forces was making its way north from Newcastle

44
Q

SCOTLAND

What did Warlbeck attempted attack lead to

A

however this intent of an invasion led Henry To raise a larger army to launch an invasion of Scotland this decision had been important to political repercussions because it prompted a taxation rebellion the following year

45
Q

SCOTLAND

What did the Cornish rebellion mean to both England and Scotland

A

The Cornish rebellion shook Henry and it was evident that it was in the interests of both England and Scotland to secure an immediate truce

46
Q

SCOTLAND

What tree she came out of the Cornish rebellion and where did it take place

A

Truce/treaty of ayton

1497

47
Q

SCOTLAND

what year did Anglo Scottish relations significantly improve

A

1498 onwards

48
Q

SCOTLAND

Why did Anglo Scottish relations improve 1498 onwards

A

Because of the truce at ayton James no longer had a need diplomatic keys for Warlbeck he had become tiresome he was executed in 1499

49
Q

SCOTLAND

What year was Warlbeck executed

A

1499

50
Q

SCOTLAND

Who was it agreed that James should marry

A

Henry‘s daughter the Princess Margaret 1501

51
Q

SCOTLAND

What year was the Treaty of perpetual peace sanctioned

A

1502

52
Q

SCOTLAND

What did the Treaty of perpetual Peace entail

A

The marriage alliance between James and Princess Margaret

Peace between Scotland and England

53
Q

SCOTLAND

What year did Margaret and James marry

A

1503

54
Q

SCOTLAND

Did Henry have any more trouble with Scotland from 1503 onwards

A

Scotland and England ha ha it’s good relations until the end of Henry‘s reign

55
Q

IRELAND

How far did Henry‘s power in Ireland extend

A

As far as the “pale”

56
Q

IRELAND

What is the “pale“ classified as

A

The area of land which surrounded Dublin

57
Q

IRELAND

where did the rest of the power in Ireland lie

A

With the descendants of the Anglo Norman Barons who settled there in the 12th century most important the Fitzgeralds and Butlers

58
Q

IRELAND

Who was the dominant figure in Ireland and what was his role

A

The the Earl of Kildare

Lord deputy of Ireland since 1477

59
Q

IRELAND

Did Henry and Kildare have good relations

A

He was feared by Henry because he had Yorkist sympathises

60
Q

IRELAND

Who did Killdare support and crowned King of Ireland in 1486

A

Lambert simnel

61
Q

IRELAND

Who did Killdare support in 1491 that aroused suspicion in Henry‘s eyes

A

Perkin Warlbeck

62
Q

IRELAND

Kildares actions that forced Henry into action:

A

Instead of relying on the established Irish aristocracy who are cheap but unreliable he attempted the most costly approach of rule of the pale through an Englishman back by an armed force
He appointed infant son Prince Henry as lieutenant of Ireland and appointed to Edward Poynings as his deputy

63
Q

IRELAND

Was Poynings originally successful with his job?

A

He was initially successful in establishing right authority by the means of threat of force in the use of bribery he reinforced the success by requiring that Irish parliament could pass no law without the prior approval of English crown

64
Q

IRELAND

What was Poynings law

A

Poynings law 1495 what is the law introduce an island which meant that Irish parliament could pass no law without the prior approval of the English crown

65
Q

IRELAND

Why did Poynings not work well in Ireland for Henry

A

The strategy proved too expensive for henrys liking and the financial problems were made worse when Warlbeck return to Ireland in 1495

66
Q

IRELAND

What made Irish problems worse in 1495

A

Perkin Warlbeck return

He amassed a force which besieged the town of Waterford

67
Q

IRELAND

What did Warbeck return return lead to

A

Henry had to bring back Poynings and once again had to depend on the cheap option of using Killdare as his deputy

68
Q

IRELAND

How did relations with Killdare and Henry improve in 4096

A

By 1496 Kildare had decided that there was no benefit in supporting the Yorkist cause any longer and decided to save Henry loyally

69
Q

IRELAND

By what year did Henry secure a level of peace

A

1500

70
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

did there appear to be any problems with the succession of Henry VII

A

No it appeared that Arthur would take over and he had a heir and a pare too if any problems did occur

71
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

How many children did Henry VII have

A

Henry had four children that survived childhood

Arthur Henry Margaret and Mary

72
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

What year did Arthur die

A

1502

73
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

What year did Henry‘s wife die

A

Elizabeth of York died in 1503 shortly after giving birth to their eighth child Katherine who also died

74
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

What affect did Arthur’s death in April 1502 have on the dynasty

A

increase the insecurity of the dynasty the heir to the throne was now the young Prince Henry which raised the issue what might happen if the King himself which it I Henry was still a child

75
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

Did Henry face any other difficulties surrounding securing the dynasty

A

Yes around the time of Arthur‘s death the Earl of Suffolk seemed to be gaining influence and other problems

76
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

When did Henry VII die

A

21st of April 1509

Announced on the 23rd

77
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

Who was executed surrounding Henry VIIs death

A

Empsom and Dudley

78
Q

SECURING THE SUCCESSION AND MARRIAGE ALLIANCES

Royal marriage alliances, foreign policy and the succession

A

X

History ALevel - Tudors (3 decks)

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