135 Flashcards
A: Small Aircraft requirements
9 seats or less excluding crew member seats
5700kg or less MCTOW
B: ATO/CTO Air worthiness
ATO: standard category
CTO: Standard or Restricted if allowed by flight manual
B: common language
All crew members communicate in common language
at least one crew member speaks English
all ops personnel understand language in which certificate holders exposition is written
B: emergency equipment
10nm from shore must have and know
number color and type of life rafts
whether pyrotechnics are carried
details of medical supplies and water supplies
type and operating frequencies of emergency portable radio equipment
B: Fuel requirements
must have enough fuel for for planned flight based on information from manufacturers manual with regard to conditions and taking into account
reserve fuel (contingency, alternate if alternate aerodrome is required, final reserve fuel, additional fuel if required)
taxi fuel
trip fuel
if applicable fuel for enroute replanning
B: passenger safety
-alcohol drugs or chaotic behavioral characteristics refused embarkation
-disabled passengers cared for
-escorted passengers do not constitute safety hazard
unless search and rescue or air ambulance
B: manipulation of controls
-flight crew member
-authorized representative of director who has permission of certificate holder and PIC and is performing required duty
B: flight recorder
cockpit voice recorder
-start of checklist commence to final checklist and termination of flight
-can only erase info recorded more than 30 minutes prior to last record
flight data recorder
B: refuelling
can when passengers boarding or unloading if
class 3.1C or 3.1D
with engines running if
class 3.1C or 3.1D
ensures safety and aircraft evacuation precautions
PIC must be responsible for every aspect of fueling op
B: Aerodrome requirements
in nz
-must have RESA or 90m equivalent subtracted for landing and takeoff distances
outside NZ
-150m RESA or equivalent extra room on runway
if Aerodrome is not in AIPNZ must maintain register containing
- aerodrome data
- procedures ensuring condition of AD is safe
- procedure ensuring required equipment is safe
- any aerodrome limitations
B: AD requirements 2
VFR by day “runway” requirements
- width 2x outer main gear wheel span
- surface without irregularities and sufficient strength
- Runway strip 2.5x wing span of airplane or 30m (whichever is greater)
Unless:
-lesser runway width determined by certificated flight testing prescribed in flight manual
- lesser width acceptable to Director
- lesser width prescribed for plane in an air service certificate issued by 1993
B:minimum VFR height
CTO
can go below 500’ within 150m radius for purpose of accomplishing operation if…
-prepares plan for operation in conjunction with all parties involved in op
-tries not to cause hazard to person or property
-briefs all parties involved on plan
B: Flights over water
don’t operate more than 10nm beyond gliding distance or autorotational distance unless
- life rafts sufficient capacity for every occupant
- life preserver worn by each passenger
Multi engine may have life preservers accessible but need not be worn
more than 100nm from shore must be IFR
C: met info
VFR must use met information that is sufficient accurate and reliable from source acceptable to operator and PIC
C: MET conditions
VFR Must meet part 91 minima
ceiling > 100ft AGL vis> 5km
by night ceiling > 3000ft vis > 16km
cannot operate over more than scattered clouds unless…
- AC and flight crew rated and capable of flying IFR
- instruments and equipment for IFR are operative
- Radio Nav equipment for instrument approach
- Sufficient Fuel including reserves to reach Aerodrome with IFR approach equipment
NEVER VFR OVER MORE THAN SCATTERED IN SINGLE ENGINE
C: AD op minima
PIC must comply with stated aerodrome operating minima or stated minima increased in exposition
C: reduced minima takeoff
reduced minima procedure must require
- each flight crew member qualified for op
- runway has centre line marking (Line or lights)
- reduced takeoff minima published in applicable AIP
- if two engine prop aircraft must have auto feather or auto coarse system
- runway vis established using RVR
- method for determining vis is acceptable to director
D: take off distance
distance required cannot exceed 85% of takeoff run available
must use not more than 50% of headwind or less than 150% of tailwind to calculate takeoff distance
D: engine gradient and stall corrections
D: enroute critical engine inop
with two or more engines capable of continuing flight at a positive slope at or above the relevant minimum safe altitudes to a point 1000ft above aerodrome at which performance requirements can be met under following conditions:
- in forecasted met conditions
- with critical engine inoperative
- with remaining engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified
D: 90 minute limitation
two or more engines must be within 90 minutes of aerodrome with sufficient faculties
three engines can go further if they can make it there at 1500’ while staying within 10nm of flight path (5 with nav aids) with only one working engine
D: landing distances
dry runway: 50 foot obstacle stopped at 85% or less of runway length
wet runway: 50 foot obstacle LDA 115% of LDR
D: steep approach and short landing
slope angle 4.5 deg or more screen heights not below 35ft if…
- complies with flight manual
D: Net takeoff flight path READ LAW
with critical engine inop all obstacles within net takeoff flight path are cleared vertically by…
- 35ft with bank angle =< 15 deg
- 50ft with bank angle > 15 deg
E: goods passenger and baggage weights
passengers (excluding one carry on):
- actual weight
- standard weight established and detailed in exposition
- declared weight plus 4 kg
crew members:
- actual weight
- standard weight established by exposition
goods and baggage:
- actual weight of goods and baggage
- Remote aerodrome ops must establish procedures for PIC to assess baggage weight
If passenger or crew weight is clearly greater than standard or declared weight procedure must allow for more representative weight to be used
Passengers must not be encouraged to declare lesser weight
E: instruments and equipment
must have type of instruments and equipment required by part 91
instruments and equipment must have backups for primary communication or navigation aids, must comply with airworthiness standards, installed correcting approved by director, excluding valid MEL must be operating
E: seating and restraints
must have diagonal shoulder belt or shoulder harness for each flight crew member seat
E: additional flight instruments
Powerplant instruments required by airworthiness
means of indicating for reversible pitch propeller whether given propeller is in beta range or reverse pitch
E: night flight equip
must have landing light and light in each passenger compartment
E: AI
turbojet or turbofan must have three means of AI
