1.3.3.3 Network Protocols Flashcards
What is a network protocol
A set of rules dictating how computers interact and send data across a network
What are the situations that protocols handle?
- Handshaking – How communication start and end
- Which network port communication should be over
- Transmitting data
- What to do in case of errors
- If data is sent and received correctly
What is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
A protocol based around sending data across different networks/systems.
How are packets structured?
Each packet is composed of a header (title and details on how the packet reaches its destination) and a payload (the data itself)
What is the Internet Protocol (IP)
A protocol dictating how data is sent across different networks, working across the internet, a WAN.
What are the contents of the IP header and IP address?
The IP header contains a source and destination IP address which allows the router to know who should be connected and who shouldn’t.
What are the four layers of the TCP/IP stack in their order? (1 - 4)
- Application
- Transport
- Network
- (Data) Link
What is the application layer of the TCP/IP stack? What protocols make this layer?
Data delivery among applications. Includes Telnet, FTP, HTTP(S), SNMP
What is the transport layer of the TCP/IP stack? What protocols make this layer?
Process to process data delivery. Includes UDP, TCP
What is the network/internet layer of the TCP/IP stack? What protocols make this layer?
Host to host data delivery. Includes IP, ICMP, Routing Protocols.
What is the link layer of the TCP/IP stack? What protocols make this layer?
Hides details of physical network. Includes, Network interface, drivers
What is the WPA-2 protocol?
A Wi-Fi protocol encrypting data transmitted wirelessly.
What are the 3 email protocols?
- Post Office Protocol (POP)
- Internet Messaging Access Protocol(IMAP)
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Which email protocol is used for sending emails?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Which 2 email protocols are used for receiving emails?
- Post Office Protocol (POP)
- Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP)
What is the difference between POP and IMAP. Which is more reliable and used more these days?
POP deletes the email from the server once they’ve been read, whereas IMAP keeps the emails. This makes IMAP far more reliable and viable these days as you can read emails on all of your devices.
What does the S in HTTPS mean?
‘Secure’. This means that there is a security layer in the webpage, providing protection.
What does HTTP stand for? What does it do?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Handles Webpage requests
What transport protocol is used in client-servers?
File Transfer Protocol (FTP). When you interact with the program, the client generates the appropriate responses.
What size network do we see FTP commonly function on?
WAN
What does UDP stand for and where would it place on the TCP/IP stack?
User Datagram Protocol. Transport layer
How does UDP differ from TCP?
- UDP uses a simple connectionless transmission model.
- UDP uses no error checking, thus less reliable than TCP.
- UDP is used to send short messages using datagrams.
What makes UDP beneficial for online gaming?
- Maintains an open two-way connection
- Prioritises speed over accuracy.
What is a router?
A device that connect a LAN to another LAN/WAN to form/become part of a WAN. It forwards packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.
