133 Unit I objectives Flashcards
Parenteral
Means taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract
Intradermal
Injected into the dermis
Subcutaneous
Injected just under the dermis (OR into the fatty tissue beneath the skin)
Intramuscular
injected into the muscle
Intravenous
Injected into the vein
Identify 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of
administering medications
via the parenteral
route.
ADVANTAGES
- Rapid
- Produces direct results
- Drugs are absorbed directly into the bloodstream
- Effective route for drug delivery when pt’s physical or mental state would make other routes difficult
- Do not irritate the digestive system
- To prevent destruction of the medication by first pass hepatic effect or gastric juices
- Can deliver a precise dose to a targeted area of the body (ex; into a joint or within the spinal cord)
DISADVANTAGES
- Inappropriate drug response if injected incorrectly
- pt may have allergic reaction
- Introduction to microorganisms
- Injections can cause injury to nerves muscle tissues and other vessels
- Needles can strike a bone
- Injections can traumatize a vein and cause a possible hematoma
Discuss measures to alleviate the
discomfort/anxiety associated with the
parenteral route of medication
administration.
Select smallest gauge and length needle Proper positioning Select proper site Inject quickly and smoothly stabilize syringe Inject med slowly and steadily topical anesthesia Distract them
Identify areas of the syringe/needle that
must remain sterile
Plunger
needle
hub
bevel
State appropriate needle lengths/gauges for
each of the following routes: intradermal,
subcutaneous,
and intramuscular
Intradermal- 25-27g 3/8”-5/8”
1mL syringe size
5-15 degrees
0.01-0.1mL
Subcutaneous- 25-27g 3/8”-5/8”
1mL syringe size
45 or 90 degrees
Intramuscular- 21-23g 1-1/2”
Identify the principles of medical asepsis to
be observed when administering a
medication via the parenteral route.
x
Appropriately identify on the body sites for
intradermal, sub
cutaneous, and
intramuscular injections.
x
Identify the rationale for utilizing the Z-
track technique.
To minimize local skin irritation by sealing medication in muscle tissue
Prepare for administering a medication
packaged in a tubex cartridge.
x
Identify situations in which aspiration is not
performed when administering a parenteral
medication.
x
Identify medication preparations which
should not be crushed and the rationale for
not crushing them.
sublingual sustained release chewable long-acting enteric-coated
Identify appropriate patient assessments to
be made prior to administering medication
through a nasogastric/gastric/enteral tube.
x
Identify medication preparations which may
be crushed.
x
Identify medication preparations which
should not be crushed and the rationale for
not crushing them.
time released
extended release
entercoated
meds that get destroyed
Describe the process for administering
medications through a feeding tube when the
feeding is infusing.
x
Administer medications through a
nasogastric/gastric/enteral tube.
x
Insulin onset times
Rapid-acting Humalog–> 15-30 min
Short-acting Regular–> 30-60 min
Intermediate NPH–> 1-2 hrs
Long-acting Lantus–> 1 hr
Heparin injection site for LMWH
And where is it given?
RLQ
To minimize pain and bruising given subcut on the right or left side of the abdomen, at least 5 cm (2 inches) away from umbilicus ( the patients love handles)
HOLD gauze or alcohol swab against for 30-60 seconds after
IM abbreviations
Subcut Abbreviations
IM RD-Right Deltoid LD-Left Deltoid RVL LVL RVG LVG RDG LDG RRF LRF
SUBCUTANEOUS R Arm- L Arm R leg L Leg RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
