13.3 Flashcards
What is culture?
Anything that is learnt- making stone tools, hunting techniques, food prep language etc
Cultural evolution
Gradual improvement of culture
What tools did Australopithecines use?
Oldowan- DID NOT CHANGE the shape of pebbles
What tools did homo habilis use?
Oldowan tools- They sharpened them by striking one stone with another
What tools did Homo erectus use?
Acheulian tools- flaked aorund the edges, teardrop shaped, bi faced
What tools did homo neanderthalensis use
Mousterin industry tools- involved making stone flakes, trimming to form cutting, scraping and gouging tools
What were the second tools that homo sapiens used?
Solutrean tools
-Willow lead and laurel leaf points
-Made by pressure flaking
What technique did the homo neanderthals use (explain)
Used the levallois technique:
-Trimmed stone into disc shaped cores, then struck with another stone to produce sharp edges
Tools that made other tools
What tools did homo sapiens first use?
Aurignacian tools
-Removing long flat rectangles from stone core
Last set of tools from homo sapiens?
Magdalenian tools- Stone flakes replaced by bone antler tools
Used a burin (chisel) to make tools
E.G: Fine needles, fish hooks. barbed spears, spear throwers.
What species used fire first?
Homo erectus
Overall trend in tool use (5 points)
- Increase manipulation of materials
- Increased complexity
- Greater variety of materials
- Improved workmanship
- Increased specialisation
Why did this occur?
-Increase in collaboration
-Increase ability to communicate
-Specialised roles meaning:
- Social hierachy
-Planning, creative thinking, problem solviong
-manipulating environment to suit their needs.
How did fire lead to a greater cognitive capacity in hominins?
-Cooked food, especially meat and fats
-Increase digestibility and nutrional value
-Led to increase in brain size
-Led to greater cognitive capacity
