13.2 Flashcards
pituitary glands =
hypophysis
pituitary gland structure
two lobes, anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary
the anterior pituitary gland is composed of
epithelial tissue
the posterior pituitary gland is composed of
nervous tissue
the pituitary gland receives stimulus from the
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
secretes hormones that regulate a wide range of body activities, from growth to reproduction
5 types of anterior pituitary cells
somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, corticotrophs, lactotrophs, and gonadotrophs
somatotrophs secrete
growth hormone (GH), somatotropin
GH stimulates general
body growth and regulates aspects of metabolism
thyrotrophs secrete
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), also called thyrotropin
TSH controls the
secretion and other activities of the thyroid gland
corticotrops secrete
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also referred to as corticotropin
ACTCH stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol
lactotrophs secrete
prolactin (PRL)
PRL initiates
milk production in the mammary glands
gonadotrophs secrete two gonadotropins
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH and LH both act on
gonads
in men, FSH and LH stimulate
the testes to produce sperm and to secrete testosterone
in women, FSH and LH stimulate
the ovaries to produce egg (oocytes) and to secrete estrogens and progesterone
the hypothalamus secretes five releasing hormones which
stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) also known as somatocrinin, stimulates secretion of
growth hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates secretion of
thyroid stimulating hormone
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates secretion of
adereno
