13.2

Question 1

official development assistance definition, +ve, -ve

Answer 1

government aid designed to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries. Loans and credits for military purposes are excluded. Aid may be provided bilaterally, from donor to recipient or channeled through a multilateral development agency such as the UN or World bank

Question 2

top down aid
definiton, +ve, -ve

Answer 2

when development is initiated by governments or TNCs. A need is identified in the population by governments eg a lack of electricity and aid money is used to build a large HEP plant eg three gorges dams

+ve
large scale/large amount of funding, ability to support a wide range of people

-ve
may not address the most pressing needs of local communities

Question 3

bottom up aid

Answer 3

development that is initiated by the local people - sustainable appropriate technology eg water aid green bank