13.1 Flashcards
personality
The characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances.
personality trait
A characteristic; a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances
Freud’s Psychodynamic theory
Unconscious forces determine behavior
id: the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle.
libido
force that drives the pleasure
superego
In psychodynamic theory, the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct.
ego
In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego.
what are the 3 components of Freud’s psychodynamic theory?
id
superego
ego
defense mechanisms
Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress
psychosexual stages
According to Freud, developmental stages that correspond to distinct libidinal urges; progression through these stages profoundly affects personality
What are the psychosexual stages?
oral stage: birth-18 months anal stage: 2-3 years old phallic stage: 3-5 latency stage: 5- genital stage: adolescents/ adults
Inferiority complex
Alfred Adler focused on fear of abandonment
humanistic approaches
approaches to studying personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding
personal constructs
personal theories of how the world works
internal locus of control
people believe they bring about their own rewards
external locus control
people believe rewards and personal fates result from forces beyond their control.
Mischel’s cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS model)
our personalities often fail to predict our behavior across different circumstances . Instead, our responses are influenced by how we perceive a given situation, our affective (emotional responses) to the situation, our skills in dealing with challenges, and our anticipation of the outcomes of our behavior)
personality types
discrete categories of people based on personality characteristics
trait approach
an approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions
what is a person low in emotional stability referred to as?
- neurotic
five-factor theory (Big 5)
The idea that personality can be described using five factors
- openness to experience
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
4, agreeableness
5, neuroticism
Eysenck’s Hierarchal Model of personality
- (top): superordinate level
- trait level
- habitual response level
- (bottom) specific response level
