13.1

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

The characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances.

Question 2

personality trait

Answer 2

A characteristic; a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances

Question 3

Freud’s Psychodynamic theory

Answer 3

Unconscious forces determine behavior

id: the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle.

Question 4

libido

Answer 4

force that drives the pleasure

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

In psychodynamic theory, the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct.

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego.

Question 7

what are the 3 components of Freud’s psychodynamic theory?

Answer 7

id
superego
ego

Question 8

defense mechanisms

Answer 8

Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress

Question 9

psychosexual stages

Answer 9

According to Freud, developmental stages that correspond to distinct libidinal urges; progression through these stages profoundly affects personality

Question 10

What are the psychosexual stages?

Answer 10

oral stage: birth-18 months
anal stage: 2-3 years old
phallic stage: 3-5
latency stage: 5-
genital stage: adolescents/ adults

Question 11

Inferiority complex

Answer 11

Alfred Adler focused on fear of abandonment

Question 12

humanistic approaches

Answer 12

approaches to studying personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding

Question 13

personal constructs

Answer 13

personal theories of how the world works

Question 14

internal locus of control

Answer 14

people believe they bring about their own rewards

Question 15

external locus control

Answer 15

people believe rewards and personal fates result from forces beyond their control.

Question 16

Mischel’s cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS model)

Answer 16

our personalities often fail to predict our behavior across different circumstances . Instead, our responses are influenced by how we perceive a given situation, our affective (emotional responses) to the situation, our skills in dealing with challenges, and our anticipation of the outcomes of our behavior)

Question 17

personality types

Answer 17

discrete categories of people based on personality characteristics

Question 18

trait approach

Answer 18

an approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions

Question 19

what is a person low in emotional stability referred to as?

Answer 19

• neurotic

Question 20

five-factor theory (Big 5)

Answer 20

The idea that personality can be described using five factors

1. openness to experience
2. conscientiousness
3. extraversion
   4, agreeableness
   5, neuroticism

Question 21

Eysenck’s Hierarchal Model of personality

Answer 21

• (top): superordinate level
• trait level
• habitual response level
• (bottom) specific response level