13.1

Question 0

Micro organisms on the body show adaptions to … And … Factors in their environment and competed with each other for

Answer 0

Abiotic
Biotic
Nutrients

Question 1

The micro organisms that share the body’s environment live in … And occupy … In which they feed

Answer 1

Communities

Niches

Question 2

Inside the uterus, the foetus develops in a sterile environment. Microorganisms begin to colonise the surfaces of the body during or shortly after birth and populations of these microorganisms remain throughout life, forming the body’s…

Answer 2

Normal flora

Question 3

The normal flora in humans, usually develops in an orderly sequence, or succession, after birth, leading to the

Answer 3

Stable populations of bacteria that make up the normal adult flora

Question 4

Normal flora can be found in many parts of the human body, including:

Answer 4

Skin
Respiratory tract
Urinary tract
Gut

Question 5

The normal flora of humans consists of a few eukaryotic fungi and protoctists, but the most numerous components are

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

Prokaryotic (bacterial) cells associated with the human body outnumber the body’s own

Answer 6

Eukaryotic cells

Question 7

Bacteria live on every

Answer 7

External surface of the human body

Question 8

In a healthy animal, the internal tissues, e.g. Blood, brain, muscle, etc. Are normally free of microorganisms, with only the surface tissues, such as the skin and mucous membrane or the gut, being

Answer 8

Readily colonised by microbes

Question 9

A person’s normal flora consists of communities of

Answer 9

Microorganisms that function as microbial ecosystems

Question 10

The microorganisms in these communities obtain the nutrients they need from their environment by carrying out

Answer 10

Extracellular digestion of biological molecules

Question 11

Extra cellular digestion means that the microbes secrete enzymes to bring about the

Answer 11

Hydrolysis of larger molecules found on the surface of the tissues that make up the microbial habitat

Question 12

Soluble products of extracellular digestion are then absorbed by the bacteria and can be used for their own

Answer 12

Metabolism

Question 13

Extracellular digestion - in this way, communities of microorganisms, such as those living on the skin, can recycle chemical elements from human cells, or make use of material that has

Answer 13

Not been digested higher up in the gut

Question 14

The surfaces of the human body provide habitats where the microorganisms can occupy

Answer 14

Niches

Question 15

The populations of microorganisms will compete with each other for nutrients, helping to

Answer 15

Maintain a dynamic population balance

Preventing the growth of populations of potential pathogens

Question 16

A pathogen is a

Answer 16

Microorganism that causes disease

Question 17

The use of antibiotics, medical procedures, tissue damage, changes in diet and the introduction of new species of microorganisms can affect a person’s normal flora. such disturbance to the microbial ecosystems of the body can affect a

Answer 17

Person’s health