130s to 120s plus a little 140s Flashcards
Sack of Carthage
146 BC
How many tribunates did Tiberius and Gaius have respectively
Tiberius: 1 (133BC, killed the same year)
Gaius: 2 (123, 122)
What year was Gaius killed?
121 BC
4 major reforms of the 130s and 120s
Secret ballot for elections and most trials assemblies (respectively 139 and 137)
Distribution of public land (Gracchi, started in 133)
Subsidised grain (Gaius Gracchus)
A raft of anti oppression and corruption reforms
How do the actions of Tiberius and Gaius reflect to a certain extent a growing precedent
They reflect a growing willingness of tribunes to protest against the Senate.
See the brief imprisonments of consuls in 138 and 151 following levies
In all likelihood the tribunes were protesting the way the Senate has been using the war in Spain to glorify and enrich themselves, while failing to bring victory
How are the agricultural and military ‘crises’ linked? How is this link maybe less linked than our sources and the Gracchi believed?
Because smaller-scale farmers were being displaced from their properties, supposedly by gangs of foreign slaves
Given that a soldier must own a certain amount of land, there was believed to be a decline in the number of free peasants available to serve. Yet, this may also have been driven by public beliefs about the incompetence of patrician leadership of the army
What was Osgood’s comment on the nature of Tiberius’ land bill?
How can one substantiate this?
“Tiberius tried to draft as moderate a bill as possible”
Current occupiers of public land would be allow to keep up to 500 Roman acres, the excess of which would be redistributed. Previous improvements of the excess would be compensated for.
People’s champions of course did not only pursue the causes of the people. How can the actions of Gaius support this?
The first two bills that Gaius sought to pass attempted to punish two major antagonists of his brother ex post facto.
- Disqualification of a man deposed from magistracy from all further political office (targeting Octavius)
- The people could prosecute a magistrate who killed or banished a citizen without trial
(Targeting Popillius)
How can the agricultural reforms be linked with the Italian drive for citizenship
Italian who had de facto ownership of public land weren’t getting compensated
How first proposed Italian citizenship? When?
Fulvius Flaccus
125 BC
