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Amplification II > 13 - Wireless Accessories & ALDs > Flashcards

13 - Wireless Accessories & ALDs Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 applications is wireless technology used in hearing aid applications?

A

1) Hearing aid to hearing aid
2) Hearing aid to hearing aid specific proprietary accessory (remote control, streaming device)
3) Hearing aid to ALD (loop systems, infrared systems)
4) Hearing aid to smart phone (audio, phone call, app functionality)

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2
Q

Patients may ask if these technologies are dangerous to use (radiation)?

A

The regulatory bodies that regulate this technology find it to be safe to use

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3
Q

How does wireless transmission work over distance?

A
  • 1-way or 2-way transmission of data over short or long distances
  • Radio frequency (RF): low frequency electromagnetic wave propagated using an antenna (hardware: transmitter, receiver, antenna)
  • RF can be built into HA
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of wireless transmission?

A

1) Near-Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI)
2) Far-field transmission

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5
Q

What does NFMI mean?

A

Near-Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI)

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6
Q

What is NFMI?

A

Short Distance and HA to HA communication

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7
Q

What are the 5 steps of NFMI?

A

1) Lower frequency band: 3 to 15 MHz
2) Short transmission distance (1 meter ideally)
3) Can pass around / through objects (e.g., human head)
4) Typically no interference from other devices due to its short transmission range
5) Small antenna - NFMI can fit in small hearing aids

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8
Q

What are 4 NFMI applications?

A

1) Hearing aid to hearing aid processing (e.g., synchronization of volume control, programs, and polar plots)
2) Binaural telephone reception
3) Remote control for hearing aids
4) Communication between neck-worn streamer and hearing aids

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9
Q

What does NW O mean on a HA?

A

Non-wireless omnidirectional HA

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10
Q

How does far-field transmission work?

A
  • Higher frequency bands:
    • 900 MHz
    • 2.4 GHz (used worldwide)
  • Longer transmission distance
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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of bluetooth?

A

1) discovery
2) pairing
3) connecting

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12
Q

How does the discovery stage work?

A

2 devices are set to Bluetooth findable mode so they can find each other

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13
Q

How does the pairing stage work?

A
  • The devices exchange their coordinates so they can communicate securely every time they are within range of each other
  • They form a network
  • Pairing is done once (can lose connection though!)
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14
Q

How does the connecting stage work?

A

The paired devices transfer auditory information back and forth (2.4 GHz radio frequency)

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15
Q

Where did bluetooth come from?

A
  • Bluetooth was named after a Nordic Denmark king
  • A combination of Nordic /h/ and /b/
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16
Q

What are 3 advantages of classic bluetooth?

A

1) Wireless transfer of information over a secure connection
2) Reduced interference with other wireless devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band through frequency “hopping” between channels
3) Several Bluetooth devices can be paired with a HA streamer or to hearing aids directly (smart phone, iPad, tablet, etc.); but only 1 active at a time

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17
Q

What are the 2 limitations of classic bluetooth for HAs?

A

1) Bluetooth has a delay
2) Classic bluetooth has high power consumption

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18
Q

Explain bluetooth delay?

A

May be tolerable when streaming music or phone, but can be problematic when steaming from the TV or face-to-face communication

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19
Q

What is the “delay” of bluetooth delay?

A

Delay can range from approximately 30-150 ms

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20
Q

Why did HAs not have calssic bluetooth built in?

A
  • Classic Bluetooth has high power consumption
  • Historically, this was the main reason why hearing aids didn’t have the classic Bluetooth built in, and why a Bluetooth streamer was needed
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21
Q

What is considered to be “smart bluetooth”?

A

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

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22
Q

What are 3 components of BLE?

A
  • Simplified version of Classic Bluetooth designed for low power consumption
  • Shorter delay than Classic Bluetooth
  • Operates in 2.4 GHz band (same as Classic Bluetooth)
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23
Q

What can BLE NOT do, but why don’t we care?

A

Cannot stream audio signals (BUT remote control functioning)

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24
Q

What uses BLE?

A

Remote Plus app for Unitron Hearing aids uses BLE

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25
Q

Technology moves on… what is changed today?

A
  • New chip fabrication processes claim to have solved the power consumption issue of Classic Bluetooth
  • Use of Classic Bluetooth in some hearing aids is now feasible allowing connection to all Bluetooth equipped cell phones (smart phones)
  • Made for All (MFA); iphone or android
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26
Q

Streamers are soon to be…

A

A thing of the past

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27
Q

How do streamers work?

A
  • BT cell phone ~BT /2.4 GHz ~ BT Streamer ~NFMI~ HA
  • Proprietary—i.e., streamer and HA have to be from same HA manufacturer.
  • Can be paired to multiple Bluetooth devices (cell phone, iPad, laptop, etc.)
  • Antenna may be worn around the neck
  • Some streamers also serve as a remote control
28
Q

What are 3 examples of streamers?

A
29
Q

What is the biggest limitation when streaming signals to HAs directly?

A

Battery drainage

30
Q

What 3 problems do remote mic technologies address?

A

distance, noise, and reverberation

31
Q

What type of challenges do people complain of before getting a remote mic technology?

A

difficulty hearing conversation in noise, know people are speaking but can’t understand, struggle in certain environments

32
Q

Remote Mic vs. FM/DM systems

A
33
Q

What are the noise and reverberation effects?

A
  • S/N is more important than actual noise level and S/N improvement is often desirable for person with hearing loss
  • With reverberation, energy of vowels is prolonged and repeated which may mask following consonants
  • Low reverb time (< .4 sec) is generally desirable for persons with hearing loss
  • Effects of noise in reverb are greater than effects of noise alone or reverb alone
34
Q

What are 4 benefits of remote mic/FM/DM systems?

A

1) Reduce problem of listening over distance
2) Improve S/N ratio by approximately 6-20 dB
3) Reduce effects of reverberation
4) May also be beneficial to some normally hearing individuals (e.g., auditory processing deficits).

35
Q

What are remote microphones?

A
  • Can be worn by a partner in challenging listening conditions (e.g., restaurant, car)
  • Some work via a streamer, others send the signal directly to the HA
  • Send the signal from the person speaking, through Bluetooth, to the HA itself
36
Q

What are the 2 components of an FM/DM system?

A

1) transmitter
2) receiver

37
Q

How do the transmitter and receiver work in an FM/DM system?

A
  • Transmitter with mic picks up a speaker voice and transmits it to the listener wearing a Receiver either attached or integrated into hearing aids
  • In classic FM, transmitter and and receiver were “tuned” to the same channel (similar to a radio station)
38
Q

Who are the 2 major manufacturer’s of FM/DM systems?

A

Phonak Roger and Oticon FM

39
Q

Can you mix and match manufactureres?

A

Can mix and match HA manufacturer and DM/FM manufacturer to some degreeW

40
Q

What is the Sennheiser?

A

Body worn FM system and classroom soundfield system

41
Q

What is the Phonic Ear?

A

Classroom soundfield system

42
Q

How do transmitter mics differ?

A
  • Different kinds, e.g., body worn transmitter with external mic, mic built into transmitter, conference/table mic, pen mic, etc.
  • May be omni or directional
43
Q

Important tips for speakers when using transmitter mics?

A
  • Wear mic as close to mouth as possible for best S/N.
  • Do not wear mic under clothing.
44
Q

What are the 4 different types of recievers?

A

1) Integrated receiver
2) Boot receiver
3) Body worn receiver
4) Receiver connected to loudspeakers (soundfield systems)

45
Q

What are 2 ways of coupling receivers to HAs?

A
  1. Roger integrated into HA e.g., Phonak
  2. Boot receiver connected into BTE’s DAI (Direct Audio Input) e.g., Phonak
    • first need audio shoe on HA for DAI
      e.g. Unitron
46
Q

What 4 people may be a candidate for FM/DM?

A

1) Poor speech understanding in noise
2) Auditory Processing Disorders
3) Patients who express they need more assistance when trying to hear over distance
4) Patients who express they need more assistance than hearing aids alone in challenging listening environments

47
Q

What 3 things can be used to overcome the problem of listening in adverse conditions?

A

1) listening devices
2) television devices
3) telecommunication devices

48
Q

What is used to alert the person with hearing loss of important environmental sounds?

A

Alerting or signalling devices

49
Q

6 distributers of ALDs?

A

1) chs.ca (Canadian Hearing Society)
2) earboutique.com
3) diateccanada.com
4) betterhearingsolutions.ca
5) alds.com
6) phonicear.com

50
Q

Why use a pocket talker?

A
  • A personal sound amplifying system
  • Has telecoil built in
51
Q

What is a loop system?

A
  • Wire around a room, connected to a mic-amplifier system, generates magnetic energy.
  • Magnetic energy is picked up by HA telecoil.
  • Can loop a room, chair, or neck.
  • Commonly used in places of worship; some drive-thru venues
52
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of loop systems

A
  • Low cost (compared to other technologies)
  • Stronger response if HA user is close to loop
  • Can be accessible by many users
  • Interference
53
Q

What are 6 ways to improve TV and movie viewing?

A
  • Hardwire system (e.g., headphones connected to TV)
  • HA manufacturers’ TV accessories (e.g., Oticon ConnectLine TV, Starkey Surflink Media, Widex TV Play, Phonak TV connector)
  • Remote mic / FM system
  • Infrared system (e.g., Sennheiser IR system for TV)
  • Closed-captioning
  • CaptiView (movie theatres)
54
Q

What are 3 options for TV connectivity?

A

1) Proprietary (HA & TV link from same manufacturer).
2) Some send TV signal to streamer, then to HA
3) Some send TV signal directly to HA.

55
Q

How does CaptiView work?

A

Captioning device that goes in the cupholder at the movie theatre

56
Q

What are 2 telephone solutions when using HAs?

A

1) Hearing aids with acoustic telephone response
2) Hearing aids with telecoil (manual or automatic)

57
Q

What are 3 telephone amplifiers?

A
  • Speaker phone
  • Phone with built-in amplifier
  • In-line amplifier
58
Q

What are 2 telephone solutions for those with HL?

A
  • Bluetooth connectivity via streamer or direct connection Relay system/ with TTY (call 711)
  • Texting
59
Q

What are alerting devices?

A

Persons with hearing loss need to be alerted to important environmental sounds through cues that are auditory, visual, or tactile

60
Q

The majority of residential smoke detectors emit a ____dBA alarm at ____Hz.

A

85 , ~3100

61
Q

Who do standard smoke detectors wake up?

A
  • 100% of adults with normal hearing (23% of children) (Bruck, 1998).
  • 57% of people with mild to severe hearing loss and 0% of people with severe to profound hearing loss (Du Bois, Klassen & Roby, 2005).
62
Q

____Hz alarm woke up 100% of people with mild to moderately- severe loss

A

520

63
Q

Percentage of adults with mild to moderately-severe loss (n=32) who woke up within 30 seconds:

A

56% woke up to 3100 Hz alarm
92% woke up to 520 Hz alarm
84% woke up to bed shaker
80% woke up to pillow shaker
27% woke up to a strobe light

64
Q

What are 3 examples of alerting devices?

A

1) Amplified, lower frequency, or visual display (light flashing) of:
- telephone ringer
- doorbell, door knocks
- alarm clock
2) Bed or pillow shaker
3) Receiver and one or more transmitters

65
Q

How does the Lifetone HL™ Bedside Fire Alarm and Clock work?

A
  • Triggered by home smoke alarm that emits a T-3 signal (in Canada, T-1 or T-3 temporal signal patterns are used)
  • Emits loud low frequency signal, loud voice alert, and flashing light
  • Pillow shaker
  • Portable

Amplification II (13 decks)

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