1.3 Understanding the Historical Development of Sociology Flashcards
what are kung fu tu and ancient Greek philosophers known for ?
-Chinese philosopher
-study of society and role of individual
what is a sophist?
educators who travel the country and cater to rich
what is Socrates known for?
reflection on human social conditions
what is Plato known for?
-reflection on human social conditions
-The Republic answers what is social justice and what makes a world just
which philosophers explained the individual’s role in society?
Aurelius, Alfarah, Aquinas, Shakespeare, Locke
AAASL
what is Ibn Khaldun known for?
first social philosopher
what is Auguste Comte known for?
-named term sociology
-father of sociology
-believed hard sciences can be used to explain social world
what are the three revolutionary events that inspired the rise of sociology?
- the scientific revolution
- the political revolution
- The Industrial Revolution
SPI
Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the first stage?
-first stage: Theoretical stage
-longest stage
-beginning with early human ancestors, ending in the Middle Ages
-saw the world through a religious lens
Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the second stage?
-second stage: Metaphysical stage
-people began questioning the teachings of god
-people could explain the universe through their own insight using senses
Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the final stage?
-final stage: positive stage
-guided by rules and experiments, logic guided society
what is the third primary assumption positivists use?
there is no room in science for value judgments
what is the first primary assumption positivists use?
- there exists an objective and knowable reality
what is value judgment?
assessing something as good or bad in terms of ones standards
why do sociologists today not agree with Comte?
-having only three stages ink not realistic
-third stage is in Comtes lifetime
what is positivism?
theoretical approach were all understanding is based on science
what is the second primary assumption positivists use?
since all sciences explore the same reality, over time, all sciences will become more alike
what is anti-positivism?
theoretical approach that considers knowledge and understanding as a result of human subjectivity
what is the first primary assumption anti-positivists use?
Hard sciences such as numbers and formulas can not be used to understand the social world
what is the second primary assumption anti-positivists use?
all sciences will not merge over time
what is the third primary assumption anti-positivists use?
sciences can not be separated from our values
what is value?
cultural assessment that defines something as desirable, right or moral
what is quantitative sociology?
behaviours that can be measured
what is qualitative sociology?
study of behaviours that can not be counted
what inspired social change in the political revolution?
Renaissance and the Enlightenment period
who were Renaissance thinkers?
Machiavelli, Decrates and Hobbs
MDH
what did Machiavelli believe in the political revolution?
power does not have to be a birthright, one can rise to power and change the narrative
what did Decartes believe in the political revolution?
we are all thinking beings and masters of our own destiny
what did Hobbs believe in the political revolution?
people are driven by two reasons:
- fear of death
- desire for power
who were the main philosophical thinkers in the enlightenment period?
Locke and Jacques
what did John Locke beileve in the Enlightenment period?
people are born blank slates and gain knowledge through experience
what did Jacques believe in the Enlightenment period?
focused on equality
what is a social contract?
achieve more by working together than we do apart
what did Hooker believe in the industrial revolution?
industry replace crops as the main means to support families
what drove the conversion of agriculture to industrial industry?
expansion of trading network for goods
how did cities emerge?
as a result of Industrial Revolution
what did the move from rural to urban cities result in
poverty, malnutrition, child labour, increase crime rates
