1.3 Understanding the Historical Development of Sociology

Question 1

what are kung fu tu and ancient Greek philosophers known for ?

Answer 1

-Chinese philosopher

-study of society and role of individual

Question 2

what is a sophist?

Answer 2

educators who travel the country and cater to rich

Question 3

what is Socrates known for?

Answer 3

reflection on human social conditions

Question 4

what is Plato known for?

Answer 4

-reflection on human social conditions

-The Republic answers what is social justice and what makes a world just

Question 5

which philosophers explained the individual’s role in society?

Answer 5

Aurelius, Alfarah, Aquinas, Shakespeare, Locke
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Question 6

what is Ibn Khaldun known for?

Answer 6

first social philosopher

Question 7

what is Auguste Comte known for?

Answer 7

-named term sociology

-father of sociology

-believed hard sciences can be used to explain social world

Question 8

what are the three revolutionary events that inspired the rise of sociology?

Answer 8

1. the scientific revolution
2. the political revolution
3. The Industrial Revolution

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Question 9

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the first stage?

Answer 9

-first stage: Theoretical stage

-longest stage

-beginning with early human ancestors, ending in the Middle Ages

-saw the world through a religious lens

Question 10

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the second stage?

Answer 10

-second stage: Metaphysical stage

-people began questioning the teachings of god

-people could explain the universe through their own insight using senses

Question 11

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the final stage?

Answer 11

-final stage: positive stage

-guided by rules and experiments, logic guided society

Question 12

what is the third primary assumption positivists use?

Answer 12

there is no room in science for value judgments

Question 12

what is the first primary assumption positivists use?

Answer 12

1. there exists an objective and knowable reality

Question 12

what is value judgment?

Answer 12

assessing something as good or bad in terms of ones standards

Question 12

why do sociologists today not agree with Comte?

Answer 12

-having only three stages ink not realistic

-third stage is in Comtes lifetime

Question 13

what is positivism?

Answer 13

theoretical approach were all understanding is based on science

Question 14

what is the second primary assumption positivists use?

Answer 14

since all sciences explore the same reality, over time, all sciences will become more alike

Question 15

what is anti-positivism?

Answer 15

theoretical approach that considers knowledge and understanding as a result of human subjectivity

Question 16

what is the first primary assumption anti-positivists use?

Answer 16

Hard sciences such as numbers and formulas can not be used to understand the social world

Question 17

what is the second primary assumption anti-positivists use?

Answer 17

all sciences will not merge over time

Question 18

what is the third primary assumption anti-positivists use?

Answer 18

sciences can not be separated from our values

Question 19

what is value?

Answer 19

cultural assessment that defines something as desirable, right or moral

Question 20

what is quantitative sociology?

Answer 20

behaviours that can be measured

Question 21

what is qualitative sociology?

Answer 21

study of behaviours that can not be counted

Question 22

what inspired social change in the political revolution?

Answer 22

Renaissance and the Enlightenment period

Question 23

who were Renaissance thinkers?

Answer 23

Machiavelli, Decrates and Hobbs MDH

Question 24

what did Machiavelli believe in the political revolution?

Answer 24

power does not have to be a birthright, one can rise to power and change the narrative

Question 25

what did Decartes believe in the political revolution?

Answer 25

we are all thinking beings and masters of our own destiny

Question 26

what did Hobbs believe in the political revolution?

Answer 26

people are driven by two reasons: 1. fear of death 2. desire for power

Question 27

who were the main philosophical thinkers in the enlightenment period?

Answer 27

Locke and Jacques

Question 28

what did John Locke beileve in the Enlightenment period?

Answer 28

people are born blank slates and gain knowledge through experience

Question 29

what did Jacques believe in the Enlightenment period?

Answer 29

focused on equality

Question 30

what is a social contract?

Answer 30

achieve more by working together than we do apart

Question 31

what did Hooker believe in the industrial revolution?

Answer 31

industry replace crops as the main means to support families

Question 32

what drove the conversion of agriculture to industrial industry?

Answer 32

expansion of trading network for goods

Question 33

how did cities emerge?

Answer 33

as a result of Industrial Revolution

Question 34

what did the move from rural to urban cities result in

Answer 34

poverty, malnutrition, child labour, increase crime rates