1.3 Understanding the Historical Development of Sociology Flashcards

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1
Q

what are kung fu tu and ancient Greek philosophers known for ?

A

-Chinese philosopher

-study of society and role of individual

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2
Q

what is a sophist?

A

educators who travel the country and cater to rich

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3
Q

what is Socrates known for?

A

reflection on human social conditions

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4
Q

what is Plato known for?

A

-reflection on human social conditions

-The Republic answers what is social justice and what makes a world just

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5
Q

which philosophers explained the individual’s role in society?

A

Aurelius, Alfarah, Aquinas, Shakespeare, Locke
AAASL

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6
Q

what is Ibn Khaldun known for?

A

first social philosopher

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7
Q

what is Auguste Comte known for?

A

-named term sociology

-father of sociology

-believed hard sciences can be used to explain social world

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8
Q

what are the three revolutionary events that inspired the rise of sociology?

A
  1. the scientific revolution
  2. the political revolution
  3. The Industrial Revolution

SPI

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9
Q

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the first stage?

A

-first stage: Theoretical stage

-longest stage

-beginning with early human ancestors, ending in the Middle Ages

-saw the world through a religious lens

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10
Q

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the second stage?

A

-second stage: Metaphysical stage

-people began questioning the teachings of god

-people could explain the universe through their own insight using senses

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11
Q

Comte believed there were three stages that the mind created to make three different types of societies. What was the final stage?

A

-final stage: positive stage

-guided by rules and experiments, logic guided society

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12
Q

what is the third primary assumption positivists use?

A

there is no room in science for value judgments

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12
Q

what is the first primary assumption positivists use?

A
  1. there exists an objective and knowable reality
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12
Q

what is value judgment?

A

assessing something as good or bad in terms of ones standards

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12
Q

why do sociologists today not agree with Comte?

A

-having only three stages ink not realistic

-third stage is in Comtes lifetime

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13
Q

what is positivism?

A

theoretical approach were all understanding is based on science

14
Q

what is the second primary assumption positivists use?

A

since all sciences explore the same reality, over time, all sciences will become more alike

15
Q

what is anti-positivism?

A

theoretical approach that considers knowledge and understanding as a result of human subjectivity

16
Q

what is the first primary assumption anti-positivists use?

A

Hard sciences such as numbers and formulas can not be used to understand the social world

17
Q

what is the second primary assumption anti-positivists use?

A

all sciences will not merge over time

18
Q

what is the third primary assumption anti-positivists use?

A

sciences can not be separated from our values

19
Q

what is value?

A

cultural assessment that defines something as desirable, right or moral

20
Q

what is quantitative sociology?

A

behaviours that can be measured

21
Q

what is qualitative sociology?

A

study of behaviours that can not be counted

22
Q

what inspired social change in the political revolution?

A

Renaissance and the Enlightenment period

23
Q

who were Renaissance thinkers?

A

Machiavelli, Decrates and Hobbs

MDH

24
Q

what did Machiavelli believe in the political revolution?

A

power does not have to be a birthright, one can rise to power and change the narrative

25
Q

what did Decartes believe in the political revolution?

A

we are all thinking beings and masters of our own destiny

26
Q

what did Hobbs believe in the political revolution?

A

people are driven by two reasons:

  1. fear of death
  2. desire for power
27
Q

who were the main philosophical thinkers in the enlightenment period?

A

Locke and Jacques

28
Q

what did John Locke beileve in the Enlightenment period?

A

people are born blank slates and gain knowledge through experience

29
Q

what did Jacques believe in the Enlightenment period?

A

focused on equality

30
Q

what is a social contract?

A

achieve more by working together than we do apart

31
Q

what did Hooker believe in the industrial revolution?

A

industry replace crops as the main means to support families

32
Q

what drove the conversion of agriculture to industrial industry?

A

expansion of trading network for goods

33
Q

how did cities emerge?

A

as a result of Industrial Revolution

34
Q

what did the move from rural to urban cities result in

A

poverty, malnutrition, child labour, increase crime rates