1.3 Popullation Structure

Question 1

The demographic transition model
- what does it show?
- y and x axis:

Answer 1

• This shows that population growth occurs in stages
• Y axis: Crude birth and death rates (per thousand)
• X axis: Time

Question 2

The demographic transition model
Stage 1:

Answer 2

Before economic development, birth and death rates are high. They cancel each other out and there is little to no population growth

Question 3

The demographic transition model
Stage 2:

Answer 3

With economic development living conditions and medical technology improves. But while death rates fall, birth rates remain high

Question 4

The demographic transition model
Stage 3:

Answer 4

In response to the rising prosperity, the birth rate begins to decline. Even so, the gap between births and deaths remains large and the population continues to increase

Question 5

The demographic transition model
Stage 4:

Answer 5

Eventually, the birth rate falls to the same low level as the death rates. The demographic transition is complete and population growth ends.

Question 6

Population pyramid:

Answer 6

A type of graph that shows the age and sex structure of the country.

Question 7

Expanding graph (slope to a triangular shape)
Stage 1

Answer 7

high birth rate; high death rates; short life expectancy; less dependency (since there are few old people and children must work).

Question 8

Expanding graph (triangle)
Stage 2

Answer 8

high birth rate; falls in death rate; slightly longer life expectancy; more dependency due to more elderly.

Question 9

Stationary graph
Stage 3

Answer 9

declining birth rate; declining death rate; longer life expectancy; more dependency.

Question 10

Contracting graph
Stage 4

Answer 10

low birth rate; low death rate; highest dependency ratio; longest life expectancy

Question 11

Ageing population:

Answer 11

When proportion of old dependents
is increasing

Question 12

How does this occur? (ageing population)

Answer 12

• Occurs because life expectancy increases, but also
  because birth rates start to fall
• This happens in stage 5 of the DTM; in very developed
  countries

Question 13

Implications of Ageing population:

Answer 13

• May be a shortage of workers
• Shortage of workers means less tax payers;
  government receives less money
• Old people get sick easier
• Pressure on hospitals and medical care
• Pensions can get expensive
• More care homes needed

Question 14

Young population:

Answer 14

Refers to young dependents mostly

Question 15

How does this occur? (young population)

Answer 15

• Occurs because infant mortality rates increase, and
  birth rates are already high
• Typically occurs in stage 2/3 of DTM, in countries that
  are beginning to develop more

Question 15

Implications of young population
(Too few)

Answer 15

• Closure of child related services; fewer jobs
• Less consumers and taxpayers in the future
• An increase in the age of the population
• Birth rates fall below the minimum because the
  population declines

Question 16

Implications of young population
(Too many)

Answer 16

• Child care needed so parents can work
• Taxes for public schools from government
• Increased dependency ratio
• Creation of teaching and nursing jobs