13 - 'Pay as you go' muscles Flashcards
What is isometric contraction?
What is isotonic?
Isometric = Muscle develops tension (and fatigues) but does not shorten. Isotonic = Muscle maintains tension
What concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens
What is eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens
What happens during fatigue?
Exhaustion of ATP and CP
Excess lactic acid - PH
Depletion of glycogen, lipid and amino acids
Damage to SR and Ca+ regulation
What happens (biochemically) in oxygen debt reversal? (4)
- Replenishing bound oxygen to myoglobin
- Replenishing phosphagen system
- Oxidising lactic acid
- Serving the elevated metabolic rate
What conditions are needed to reverse oxygen debt?
- Good blood supply
- Increased ventilation
- Sweating (temp reg)
What is Periodic acid and Schiff dye used to detect?
Glycogen
What things are often dyed to test for in muscle?
- Haematoxylin and Eosin
- Succinate dehydrogenase
- Myoglobin
- Phosphorylase
- Glycogen
- Myosin
- ATPase
What is the classification and metabolism of slow twitch muscle fibres?
Type 1 + Red
Oxidative/Aerobic
What is the classification and metabolism of fast twitch muscle fibres?
Type 2 + White
Glycolytic/Anaerobic
What is a motor unit?
A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers (either slow or fast twitch) innervated by that axon.
What are the postural muscles active in a squat?
Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps
Soleus
What muscles contain mainly slow oxidative red fibres?
Postural muscles (soleus), supportive (deltoid), beef • Extraocular muscles
What muscles contain mixed fibres?
Quadriceps, Biceps, Gastrocnemius
What muscles contain mainly fast glycolytic fibres?
Forearm, finger
Give a specialised muscle (fast and oxidative)
Laryngeal muscles
Give some examples of things that have a negative effect on musles? (5/9)
- Disuse • Tenotomy • Immobilisation • Undernutrition • Hormones/Drugs • Denervation • Trauma • Hypogravity • Toxins
Give some examples of things that have a positive effect on musles? (5/9)
- Exercise (End, Strength)
- Stretch
- Immobilisation
- Compensatory Overload
- Hormones/Drugs
- Re / Cross Innervation
- Electrical Stimulation
- Hypergravity
What happens after damage of a muscle fibre? (5/8)
Muscle hypertrophy Satellite cell activity Fibre hyperplasia Fibre hypertrophy Increased capillaries Increased Oxid enzymes More & Giant mitochondria Some necrosis
