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Metabolism in H&D > 13 - 'Pay as you go' muscles > Flashcards

13 - 'Pay as you go' muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is isometric contraction?

What is isotonic?

A 
Isometric = Muscle develops tension (and fatigues) but does not shorten.
Isotonic = Muscle maintains tension
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2
Q

What concentric contraction?

A

Muscle shortens

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3
Q

What is eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens

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4
Q

What happens during fatigue?

A

Exhaustion of ATP and CP
Excess lactic acid - PH
Depletion of glycogen, lipid and amino acids
Damage to SR and Ca+ regulation

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5
Q

What happens (biochemically) in oxygen debt reversal? (4)

A
  • Replenishing bound oxygen to myoglobin
  • Replenishing phosphagen system
  • Oxidising lactic acid
  • Serving the elevated metabolic rate
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6
Q

What conditions are needed to reverse oxygen debt?

A
  • Good blood supply
  • Increased ventilation
  • Sweating (temp reg)
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7
Q

What is Periodic acid and Schiff dye used to detect?

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

What things are often dyed to test for in muscle?

A
  • Haematoxylin and Eosin
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • Myoglobin
  • Phosphorylase
  • Glycogen
  • Myosin
  • ATPase
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9
Q

What is the classification and metabolism of slow twitch muscle fibres?

A

Type 1 + Red

Oxidative/Aerobic

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10
Q

What is the classification and metabolism of fast twitch muscle fibres?

A

Type 2 + White

Glycolytic/Anaerobic

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11
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers (either slow or fast twitch) innervated by that axon.

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12
Q

What are the postural muscles active in a squat?

A

Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps
Soleus

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13
Q

What muscles contain mainly slow oxidative red fibres?

A 
Postural muscles (soleus), supportive (deltoid), beef
• Extraocular muscles
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14
Q

What muscles contain mixed fibres?

A

Quadriceps, Biceps, Gastrocnemius

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15
Q

What muscles contain mainly fast glycolytic fibres?

A

Forearm, finger

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16
Q

Give a specialised muscle (fast and oxidative)

A

Laryngeal muscles

17
Q

Give some examples of things that have a negative effect on musles? (5/9)

A 
- Disuse
• Tenotomy
• Immobilisation
• Undernutrition
• Hormones/Drugs
• Denervation
• Trauma
• Hypogravity
• Toxins
18
Q

Give some examples of things that have a positive effect on musles? (5/9)

A
  • Exercise (End, Strength)
  • Stretch
  • Immobilisation
  • Compensatory Overload
  • Hormones/Drugs
  • Re / Cross Innervation
  • Electrical Stimulation
  • Hypergravity
19
Q

What happens after damage of a muscle fibre? (5/8)

A 
Muscle hypertrophy
Satellite cell activity 
Fibre hyperplasia
Fibre hypertrophy 
Increased capillaries 
Increased Oxid enzymes
More & Giant mitochondria
Some necrosis

Metabolism in H&D (14 decks)

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