Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

microbio > 13-pathogens and host defenses > Flashcards

13-pathogens and host defenses Flashcards

1
Q

Name all virulence factors (5)

A

I ACE IT–adhesins, capsules, enzymes, invasins, injectisomes and translocon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What differs between adhesins and capsules

A

adhesins offer specific attachment; capsule are not specific, provide protection and can be found on non-virulent bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we identify pathogens

A

set of virulence genes carried and express

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Higher virulence–streptococcus pneumoniae or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium

A

streptococcus pneumonaie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 7 extracellular enzymes

A

hyaluronidase, collagenase, lecithinase, hemolysin, leucocidin, protease, coagulase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define virulence

A

ability to cause damage to host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define pathogen

A

microorganism capable of causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What determines site of colonization by pathogen?

A

adhesin type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adhesin is specific to

A

A few cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 2 types of Adhesin & explain

A

Fimbriae/pili: polymer, long, loose attachment

Afimbrial adhesins: one protein, short, close attachement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Provide one example of afimbrial adhesin

A

HA protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which virus contains afrimbrial adhesin

A

influenza virus–HA protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Capsules protects against

A

phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 2 bacterial pathgens w/ capsule as their essential virulence factors

A

streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 2 ways to destroy host tissues

A

Penetration & release of extracellular enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the protein in ECM holding cells to collagen mesh network

A

integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the sequence of destruction of mucosa

A

Destruction of epithelial cells (single cell layer)–>invasion of loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name two enzymes acting on ECM

A

Hyaluronidase and collagenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 3 microorganism using hyaluronidase

A

staphylococci, streptococci, clostrida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the role of lecithinase (2)

A

lysis of red blood c

destroy tissue cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phosphatidylcholine in cell membrane is

A

a lecithinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Provide an example of a lecithinase

A

phosphatidylcholine C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name a strict anaerobe using hyaluronidase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. Provide its common name

A

Clostridium perfringens/ gas gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cytolysins are what kind of enzymes. Elaborate

A

Hemolysins–lysis red blood cells and other types, enzyme or cytolysins (pore-forming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which two types of extracellular enzymes induce lysis of red blood cells

A

Hemolysins and lecithinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Leucocidin induces

A

lysis of leucocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name 2 bacteria using leucocidin

A

staphylococci, streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bateria using leucocidin as more likely to be gram

A

Gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which enzymes degrade complement protein and antibodies

A

proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Coagulases are produced by

A

virulent staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Staphylococci use (3 enzymes)

A

hyaluronidase, coagulases, leucocidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the role of coagulases

A

use fribrin to cloak bacteria from host’s immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Invasins are what type of proteins

A

surface or injected

34
Q

What is a major virulence factor for entracellular pathogens triggering endocytosiss

A

invasin

35
Q

Which type of virulence factor can invade cells as well as phagocytes

A

invasins

36
Q

What are the benefit of invasins for the bacteria

A

invasins invade host cell and phagocytes:

source of nutrient & protection against immune syst of host

37
Q

Name 4 microorganism using invasin

A

myobacterium, salmonella, listeria, chlamydia

38
Q

What type of virulence factors form channels

A

injectisomes and translocons

39
Q

Injectisomes form channels through to (4 membranes)

A

cytoplasmic/vacuolar membrane, periplasm, outer membrane+peptidoglycan layer, cytosolic cell membrane

40
Q

The ultimate goal of injectisome

A

inject effectors into cytol of host

41
Q

Gram___bacteria use injectisome

A

Gram negative

42
Q

Gram negative bacteria use (2)

A

leucidin and injectisome

43
Q

Name 3 functions of effectors

A

Invasion of host cell
Block phagosome maturation
Take control of host cell

44
Q

Name two types of toxigenicity induced by bacterial pathogens

A

Infectious disease (growth) and Intoxication

45
Q

Name 3 types of infectious disease

A

pneumonia, meningitis, syphilis

46
Q

Name one major virulence factor for staphylococci pneumonae

A

capsule

47
Q

Name one major virulence factor for haemophilus influenza

A

capsule

48
Q

Name 5 characteristics of exotoxins

A 
1-heat-labile proteins
2-soluble
3-potent
4-AB toxin
5-categorized by target
49
Q

What modifies host cells from within?

A

AB toxin

50
Q

Name the functions of A, B subunits

A

A-modify target inside host

B-specific binding

51
Q

Name one type of A-subunit toxin

A

ADP-ribosyltransferase modifying host protein

52
Q

Name 3 types of AB-toxins; they are produced by

A

1-Botulinum toxin-clostridium botulinum
2-Tetanus toxin-clostridium tetanii
3-Diphteria toxin-corynebacterium dipheteria

53
Q

What is the vaccine for dipheteria toxin

A

DTaP

54
Q

Botox causes sweating

A

hyperhydrosis

55
Q

Which toxins is found in bacteria living in soil forming spores

A

Clostridium tetanii

56
Q

Differentiate the mode of inhibition btwen botulinum and tetanus toxin

A

1-botulinum: flaccid paralysis, inhibit release of Ach –>inhibit muscle contraction
2-tetanus: spastic parylysis; inhibit glycine release–>prolonged release of Ach–>prolonged contraction

57
Q

Name a AB5 toxin; bateria

A

Cholera toxin; vibrio cholerae

58
Q

Describe the mode of action of cholera & Sx

A

subunit B binds to receptor GM1 on intestinal epithelial cell
Subunit A: take ATP–>cAMP( control Na transport)—>accumulation cAMP–> stop Na transport into the cell–>Cl and HCO3 release outisde in the lumen–>accumulation of fluid in lumen–>massive water loss & diarrhea

59
Q

Endotoxin are released by Gram___bacteria

A

Gram negative

60
Q

Which type of toxin have systemic effect; describe

A

endotoxin; pyrogenic fever, weakness, inflammation, diarrhea, septic shock

61
Q

Name 5 characteristics of endotoxins

A 
1-Heat stable
2-Lipid A of LPS-->gram neg
3-weakly immunogenic
4-release during multiplication or lysis of bacterial cell
5-systemic effect
62
Q

What is the diff btwn innate and adaptive defenses.

A
  • Innate: properties of normal host, non-specific

- Adaptive: induced by infection; specific to the pathogen based on ANTIGENS

63
Q

What the 1st barriers

A

skin and mucous membrane

64
Q

Normal microbbiome of the skin and mucous membrane

A

Competes for attachment sites and nutrients

Secretes BACTERIOCIN

65
Q

Bacteriocin is

A

secreted by the normal microbbiome

66
Q

Antimicrobial substances include

A

FA, lysoymes, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), antibodies (if the host if immune)

67
Q

Antibodies are secreted when the host is

A

immune

68
Q

Skin is

A

a thick layer of dead cells

69
Q

Mucous membrane produce

A

mucus

70
Q

AMPs is the shortcut for and its role is

A

antimicrobial peptides; make pores in the bacterial membrane

71
Q

Describe innate defenses components of the airways (2)

A

mucous membrane, mucus (traps bacteria); ciliated cells (removes mucus & bact up the trachea & dump into oesophagus)

72
Q

What happens when bacteria overcomes the first line of defenses (skin and mucosa)?

A

It encounters a second line of defenses

73
Q

Name the component of the second line of defenses (3) of tissues/ internal fluids

A
  1. Complement system: proteins set–>pores in pathogen membrane & lysis
  2. Phagocytes
  3. Inflammation: general nonspecific response of innate syst to toxins and pathogens
74
Q

Imflammation is speci or non-specific?

A

Non specific

75
Q

Complement syst consists of proteins (name them)

A

C1-c9

76
Q

Complement system complement the action of

A

Antibodies

77
Q

Activation of the complement system is by 2 pathways:

A

1-classical pathway through antibodies

2-Alternative pathway: microbial cell wall components (polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide)

78
Q

MAC results from

A

Activation of the complement system –> Membrane attack complex (MAC) –>lysis of gram-negative

79
Q

MAC has no effect on

A

Gram-positives

80
Q

Serum sensitivty

A

test sensitivity to complement by exposing pathogens to serum (blood w/out RBC)

81
Q

What is serum

A

blood w/out RBC

microbio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions