1.3 - Organelles Flashcards
What are organelles?
Specialised compartments present in the cells of eukaryotes
Organelles have unique structures and functions, found in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls all cell activity and determines protein synthesis
It also transfers DNA from one generation to the next through cell division.
What is the structure of a mitochondrion?
Double-membrane bound organelles with cristae and matrix
Contains its own circular DNA.
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Energy production via aerobic respiration
Converts energy stored in carbon-containing molecules into ATP.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER synthesises proteins, while Smooth ER synthesises lipids.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Synthesize proteins
Can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER.
What does the Golgi body do?
Sorts and packages macromolecules for secretion or delivery
It modifies proteins received from the ER.
What is the role of lysosomes?
Waste disposal system of the cell
Contains enzymes that digest unwanted products.
What are the distinguishing structures of plant cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole
These structures provide shape, rigidity, and support.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis in plants
Contains chlorophyll and enzymes for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Stores substances and helps maintain rigidity
Large vacuoles push cell contents against the cell wall.
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
It is semi-permeable and protects the cell.
What does the fluid-mosaic model describe?
The arrangement of the cell membrane
It highlights the fluid nature of the lipid bilayer and the mosaic of proteins.
What is the cytoplasm composed of?
Cytosol and cytoskeleton
Cytosol is the fluid component, while the cytoskeleton provides shape and support.
What are the differences between plant, fungal, and animal cells?
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts; fungal cells have chitin; animal cells lack cell walls
Each type of cell has unique structural components.
True or False: Ribosomes are membrane-bound organelles.
False
Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for directing chemical activities in the cell.
nucleus
It codes for specific proteins controlling cellular reactions.
What is the semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane important for?
Regulating entry and exit of materials
Prevents toxicity by allowing essential substances to enter and wastes to exit.
