13 - Oral cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Define oral cancer.

A

Malignant neoplasm whose primary origin is the mouth and related structures

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2
Q

presentation S+S

A
  • pain on eating
  • difficulty swallowing
  • Trismus
  • Sensory loss
  • Coughing blood
  • unexplained weight loss
  • unexplained loosening of teeth
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3
Q

What is the aetiology for mouth cancer?

A
  • alcohol
  • smoking/paan/khat
  • inflammation
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4
Q

What is the aetiology of oropharynx cancer?

A
  • alcohol
  • smoking/paan/khat
  • inflammation
  • HPV
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5
Q

What are the red flags for urgent referral for oral cancer?

5

A
  • persistent unexplained head and neck lumps >3 weeks
  • unexplained ulceration or swelling/induration >3 weeks
  • unexplained red or mixed red and white patches >3 weeks
  • persistent hoarseness lasting >3 weeks
  • persistent pain in throat or pain on swallowing >3 weeks

of oral mucosa

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6
Q

How do stage cancers?-

A

T - primary tumour
N - regional lymph nodes
M - distant metastasis

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7
Q

What curative treatment is available for oral cancer?

A
  • early cancers typically treated with surgery only
  • more advanced localised cancers treated with surgery and adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy
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8
Q

What palliative treatment is available for oral cancer?

A
  • symptom control, sometimes radiotherapy but rarely surgery
  • prolongation of survival using immunotherapy
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9
Q

What are the toxicity effects of radiotherapy in the head and neck region?

A
  • xerostomia
  • dysphagia
  • ORN
  • trismus
  • hypothyroidism
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10
Q

Define survivorship.

A

Task of living in an altered, diminished body, and the feeling of compromise between survival and wholeness from surgery

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11
Q

How does socioeconomic status impact oral cancer?

A

Lowest quintile has three fold increase in oral cancer

3x

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12
Q

What is the gender ratio for oral cancer incidence?

A

2:1 M:F

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