1.3 network Flashcards
What is a network interface card? (NIC)
This will allow us to join a network with a wired connection
what is a switch?
Connects network cables from different devices on a Local Area Network (LAN)
what is a router?
A router transmits data between two different networks
what is a wireless interface card?
This will allow us to join a network wirelessly using WiFi
what is the transmission media fibre optic?
ses light to transmit data
Covers longer distances than copper
Provides much greater transmission speeds (higher bandwidth)
what is the transmission media ethernet?
8 Copper cables (twisted in 4 pairs to reduce interference)
Fast (up to 1Gbps), secure, and reliable
Uses electricity to apply a voltage to the wires. The voltage level determines whether a 1 or 0 is being transmitted
what is an internet protocal (ip) address?
When a device joins a network it is given an IP Address.
This allows other devices on the network to communicate with it
what is ipv4 address?
192.168.0.123
There are 4 sets of denary numbers with a value between 0 and 255. Each number is separated with a full stop.
what is ipv6 address?
001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
There are 8 sets of hexadecimal numbers, each with a value between 0000 and ffff. Each number is separated with a colon.
what is mac address?
MAC addresses are assigned to networking interface cards (NIC) during the manufacturing process.
The MAC address of each device in the world is unique.
3b:14:e6:39:0a:2c
There are 6 sets of hexadecimal numbers with a value between 00 and ff. Each number is separated with a colon.
what are packets?
Data sent across a network is chopped up into packets. Each packet contains the IP address of the device sending the packet and the IP address of the device receiving the packet.
what is the process of the domain name server (DNS)
Websites are hosted on web servers
Each web server has an IP address
When you type in a website URL (such as www.google.com) your web browser sends this information to a DNS
The DNS looks through its records for the URL and the associated IP address
If DNS does not have that URL in its records it will ask other DNS servers
If it has found a match the IP address is sent back to the web browser on the computer that made the request
The web browser then connects to the web server, using the IP address that was returned from the DNS
The web browser makes a request for a web page from the web server
The web server processes the request and sends the web page data back to the browser
what is cloud storage
Instead of storing data and apps on your own device, it is stored on a computer somewhere else
what are advantages of cloud storage?
data can easily be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.Data security
Scalability - you can buy as much of it as you need
Accessibility and redundancy. …
Data security. …
Ability to collaborate on documents and files. …
Cost and resource savings. …
Compliance with legislation and regulations for storing data. …
Archives and backup data.
what are disadvantages of cloud storage?
if you do not have an internet connection then you will not be able to access your stored data
there is a lack of total control as your data is left with the cloud storage provider so you cannot custmoise your data set-up
security and privacy is an issue because if the cloud storage gets hacked into then you’re open to data theft
once you’ve started using one cloud data provider, it is hard to migrate your data to another provider
what is a topology?
Topology refers to the physical layout of devices in a network.
what is a star network?
All devices are connected using a switch
(imagine every device having one line connecting to the switch, no devices connect with eachother)
what are the advantages of a star network?
If one cable is damaged/faulty, only one device should be affected
Star networks usually have consistent performance, even with heavy network traffic.
what are the disadvantages of a star network?
They can be expensive to set up as you may need to buy a lot of cable to connect the router to each device
the switch is a single point of faliure, if the switch breaks or loses connection then the whole network is lost
what is a mesh network?
In a full mesh network each device will be connected to every other device. In a partial mesh network each device will be connected to some of the other devices in the network
what are the advantages of a mesh network?
If a cable fails data may be able to still get to a device through another route
Data could be split across multiple routes/cables to transmit faster
No need to buy or set up a switch
what are the disadvantages of a mesh network?
As the number of devices grows, the number of cables needed grows rapidly
Particular cables may carry a lot of network traffic, leading to less predictable network performance
what is encryption?
Encryption is the process of scrambling data so that it cannot be understood without a key. The key will decrypt the data and turn it back into data that is useable/readable.
People with the key can convert the scrambled message back to the original
If anyone else tries to read/use it, the data will be unusable as they do not have a copy of the key
what is a standard?
Standards are a specification for hardware or software that manufacturers/contributors agree on
Standards are beneficial because they allow devices to be compatible/work with each other
what is HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Used to download web pages from a web server to a client computer’s web browser.
HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
Similar to HTTP, but all data is also encrypted for security
what is file transfer protocal (FTP)
Used for transferring files between a server and client computer
what is simple mail transfer protocal (SMTP)
This protocol transfers the email from the sender’s device to their mail server.
what is post office protocal (POP)
This protocol downloads the email from the mail server to the client device and is then stored on the device. The email is then deleted from the server
what is internet message access protocal (IMAP)
This protocol downloads the email from the mail server to the client device and is then stored on the device. The email is then deleted from the server
what is transmission control protocal (TCP) and internet protocal (IP)
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
Handles errors such as lost packets to provide error-free transmission between two devices
IP – Internet Protocol
Routes packets of data across WANs such as the internet, using IP address
what are the 4 layers in the tcp/ip protocal?
Application Layer – encodes / decodes data
Transport Layer – splits the data into packets
Network Layer – attaches IP addresses
Link Layer – manages data over physical network
