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Physics > 1.3 Momentum and Energy > Flashcards

1.3 Momentum and Energy Flashcards

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0
Q

What is momentum?

A

The amount of motion an object has. The product of an object’s mass and velocity.

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1
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion?

A

If object A exerts a force on object B then object B exerts an equal but opposite force on object A.
All actions have an equal and opposite reaction.

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2
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

P=mv

power equal mass times velocity

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3
Q

What is the symbol and unit for momentum? Is it vector or scalar?

A

p and kilogram metres per second (kgm/s) vector

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4
Q

How is the law of conservation of linear momentum applied?

A

The total momentum before collision equals the total momentum after the collision in the absence of net external forces

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5
Q

What is the symbolic equation for conservation of linear momentum?

A

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

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6
Q

What is work done?

A

Measure of the energy transferred.

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7
Q

What is the symbol and unit for work done?

A

Ew and joules (J)

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8
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Ew=Fd

work done equals force times distance

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9
Q

What is power?

A

the rate at which energy is transferred. rate of work being done. energy transferred each second.

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10
Q

What are the symbol and unit for power?

A

P and watts(W)

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11
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

P=E/t or P=Ew/t

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12
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Work done against gravity.

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13
Q

What are the symbol and unit of gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep and joules (J)

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14
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep=mgh

Ep=mass times gravitational field strength times height

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15
Q

What is a machine?

A

A device that does work.

16
Q

What three types of energy are involved with a machine?

A

total input energy Ei
useful output energy Eo
wasted energy Ew

17
Q

What is the equation for % efficiency using power?

A

%efficiency = Po/Pi * 100

%efficiency=Eo/t / Ei/t *100

18
Q

What is the equation for percentage efficiency using energy?

A

%efficiency = Eo/Ei *100

19
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but is transferred from one form to another.

20
Q

How does the law of conservation of energy apply to gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy?

A

Ep lost = Ek gained

mgh= 1/2 mv^2

21
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Ek = 1/2 mv^2

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