13 - Interactionism UNFINISHED Flashcards
When was Lemert’s study ‘Primary and Secondary Deviance’ conducted?
1972
What is primary deviance?
When the deviant act has been committed but not publically labelled yet
What is secondary deviance?
When the deviant act has been repeated and is now visible and a label is given. The self-fulfilling prophecy may begin to occur
According to Lemert, what is variability?
Different reactions can be provoked from different people in relation to the labelling of a criminal e.g. a teenage thief might provoke anger from parents
Positive AO3 points for Lemert’s ‘Primary and Secondary Deviance’
Supported by research from Becker, Cohen and Young
Supported by Marxists as the bourgeoise label proletariats which is afffected directly by class
Negative AO3 points for Lemert’s ‘Primary and Secondary Deviance’
Lacks temporal validity as it is over 40 years old
Doesn’t explain why primary deviance occurs in the first instance
The theory is deterministic as it assumes the criminal will accept the label given to them
When was Becker’s ‘Master Status and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy’ conducted?
1963
According to Becker, what is negotiation?
A label can change over time as a criminal may try to remove the negative label and try to reform and become a good citizen
What is master status?
Society judges people solely on the label given to them e.g. if a criminal was a loving father, he is now just a criminal. The person may become isolated from others and fail to conform to societies rules e.g. have no job, relationship and become ‘generally deviant’
What is the career of the deviant?
The criminal can climb up the social ladder through starting off committing petty crime and progress until they commit a serious crime such as murder
Positive AO3 points for Becker’s ‘Master Status and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy’
The theory shows that the definition of crime and deviance is not a simple process and has helped other theories such as Left Realism develop (looking at response to deviant and criminal behaviour)
Negative AO3 points for Becker’s ‘Master Status and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy’
Becker doesn’t explain why the original deviant act occurs
The theory is deterministic as it assumes the criminal will accept the label given to them
When was Cohen’s ‘Mods and Rockers’ conducted?
1964
What was Cohen’s theory on labelling?
In Clacton 1964, the mass media presented a confrontation between Mods and Rockers as destructive when in fact it was not violent, there was little violence and many people who attended that day did not identify as a Mod or a Rocker. People were wrongly labelled and a moral panic was created
