1.3 Hormones and Signalling Factors Flashcards
Define Autocrine Signalling
cell signals itself (or other cells of the same type)
Define Paracrine Signalling
cells signals a different cell type
Define Endocrine Signalling
cell signals another cell that is far away
Define Exocrine
something being secreted outside of the animal and the secretion may or may not have anything to do with signaling
Define Neural Signalling
the cell that produces the signal is a neuron. locally (across a synapse), affecting another neuron (autocrine), or a muscle or gland (paracrine)
Deine Neuroendocrine
the secretion that acts like a hormone, targeting cells further away
Define Hormone
a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
What are the elements of a signaling pathway?
(1) synthesis
(2) Secretion
(3) Transport
(4) Activation
(5) Signal transduction
Difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic hormones
- hydrophilic hormones don’t need carriers, so they travel free in the blood.
- hydrophobic hormones need albumin and/ or specialized carrier proteins globulins.
What is the partition coefficient?
the ratio of the concentrations of a solute in two immiscible or slightly miscible liquids, or in two solids, when it is in equilibrium across the interface between them.
How are hydrophilic hormones secreted?
exocytosis. made within the ER/Golgi and secreted as needed
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
agonists are synthetic chemicals that are not hormones but are similar enough in structure to bind to the receptor and trigger a response. an antagonist is similar to the hormone in structure but blocks the effect of the proper hormone.
