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Government > 1.3 Devolution > Flashcards

1.3 Devolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What does devolution mean?

A

The temporary division of power away from the centre of the state among regions of the country

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2
Q

What is quasi federalism?

A

A system where devolved power is near impossible to be returned to the centre, even though in constitution terms, it is not a federal system

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3
Q

What is asymmetric devolution?

A

A type of devolution where various regions have been granted unequal power

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4
Q

Is sovereignty divided up through devotion in a unitary country?

A

No

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5
Q

What were the plans for devolution to regions of England?

A

Deputy PM John Prescott, wanted to devolve powers similar to Wales to regions of England, he wanted administrative powers to he devolved but not financial or legislative.

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6
Q

Why didn’t Prescotts plans for devolution go ahead?

A

The North East strongly voted against devolution with 78% against the idea

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7
Q

What was the English Votes for English Laws (EVEL)?

A

A system that addressed the West Lothian question

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8
Q

What was the West Lothian question?

A

The issue whereby Scottish MPs representing Scottish Constituencies could vote for matters that only affected England and Wales. This included health, education and criminal law.

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9
Q

What, in practice, did the EVEL do?

A

The Commons Speaker would declare that the parliamentary vote only concerns England, therefore Scottish MPs should not take part.

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10
Q

Why was devolution to Scotland urgent?

A

Nationalism in Scotland was popular

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11
Q

What did the Scotland Act 1998 entail?

A

Power over

  • health
  • education
  • roads and public transport
  • criminal and civic law
  • power to vary income tax by 3%
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12
Q

What was the 1997 Scottish Devolution Referendum result?

A

74% in favour
26% against
60% turnout

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13
Q

What electoral system was used for Scotland?

A

Additional Member System

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14
Q

Why did the Scotland Act of 2016 happen?

A

To stem the nationalist ideologies following the Independence referendum in 2014

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15
Q

What did the Scotland Act 2016 entail?

A
  • widened areas Scottish Parliament could pass laws
  • power of regulation of energy
  • control over welfare services
  • complete control over income tax
  • control over some business taxes
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16
Q

What even fuelled Scottish Independence further and why?

A

Brexit, a large majority of Scots wanted to remain inside the EU

17
Q

What was the result of the Welsh Devolution Referendum?

A

50.5% for
49.5% against
50% turnout

18
Q

What did the Government of Wales Act 1998 entail?

A

The Act set up an elected Welsh National Assembly giving administrative powers such as:

  • health
  • education
  • public transport
19
Q

What did the Government of Wales Act 2014 entail?

A
  • partial control over income tax
  • some control over business tax
  • powers to borrow money for investment projects
20
Q

Why was devolved powers given to Northern Ireland?

A

Years of conflict between the Protestant and Catholic’s (Ms Devey’s fav thing), made it imperative for NI to control their policing and justice system

21
Q

What did the Good Friday Agreement 1998 entail?

A
  • control of passage of laws not reserved from Westminster
  • education
  • healthcare
  • policing
  • public transport
22
Q

What electoral system does Wales use?

A

Supplementary Vote System (similar to AMS)

23
Q

What electoral system does Northern Ireland use?

A

Proportional Representation

24
Q

Why was PR used in Northern Ireland?

A

So all sections of society would be represented in Stormont, reducing the chance on conflict

25
Q

What evidence emphasises the U.K. is not a federal system?

A

The Northern Irish Assembly was dissolved between 2002 and 2007 following conflict between the two communities

26
Q

What difference has Devolution made to Scotland compared to England?

A
  • dominant party is the SNP
  • personal care for elderly is free
  • no university tuition fees
27
Q

What difference has Devolution made to Wales compared to England?

A
  • no school league tables are published
  • free prescriptions to under 25s
  • greater help for the homeless
28
Q

What difference has Devolution made to Northern Ireland compared to England?

A
  • greater restrictions on abortion

- large proportion of schools are based on Catholicism or Protestantism

29
Q

Reasons for why devolution has been successful?

A
  • UK has not broken up (yet)
  • peace has been held in NI
  • no serious proposals have been made to reverse it
30
Q

Reasons for why devolution has been unsuccessful?

A
  • Scottish Nationalism is endangering the UK
  • turnout in elections has been low, suggesting politics apathy
  • introduction of PR has inhibited a decisive government

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