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computer science > 1.3 – Computer networks, connections and protocols > Flashcards

1.3 – Computer networks, connections and protocols Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a URL

A

the address that is used in the web browser to request a resource (web page) from the world wide web.

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2
Q

parts of a web page

A

Domain name
Path to the web page
Protocol

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3
Q

what is the difference between the internet and the WWW

A

the internet is a series of networks connected together while the world wide web can be accessed on the internet.

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4
Q

What is a web server

A

a computer which holds websites for other computers linked to the internet to access.

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5
Q

what is an ip address

A

is a series of numbers that identifies any device on a network

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6
Q

what is DNS server

A

a database with a collection of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.

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7
Q

what is hosting

A

the storing of files and data it can be accessed by others via an ip address or URL

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8
Q

how does a web server work

A

The website is hosted on a web server
The web server has an IP address
Web Browser sends URL to DNS
URL has a linked IP
DNS finds IP
If DNS cannot find the IP it passes request to higher DNS
…if not found return error
IP address sent back to the browser/computer

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9
Q

what is a network

A

a collection of two or more computers connected to each other in order to exchange information and share resources.

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10
Q

what are advantages of networks

A

Devices such as printers can be shared

Files can be shared with other users across the network.

If all data is stored centrally, then it is easier to back it up without having to back up each computer individually.

There is greater security as users can be given user names and passwords

Users are given greater flexibility and can access their own personal files from any computer on the network.

Users can communicate with each other using electronic messaging.

Users can share the same Internet connection using a router, which directs traffic to the correct users.

Users can work collaboratively on the same document.

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11
Q

what are disadvantages of networks

A

Extra hardware and infrastructure is needed and may be expensive.

hacked

computer viruses could spread more rapidly

need technical knowledge

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12
Q

what is a WAN

A

a network of computers over a large geographical area that makes use of external connections.

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13
Q

what are the charactistics of a WAN

A

Devices need network cards to connect to the network

Network is created by using the telecommunications network

A modem or router is needed to connect

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14
Q

what is a LAN

A

a network of computers over a small geographical area.

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15
Q

what are characteristics of a LAN

A

Devices need network cards to connect to the network

Information is more secure as it is traveling over a smaller distance

The network can easily make use of shared peripherals e.g. printers

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16
Q

What is a WAP

A

a device that allows a wireless network card to connect to it and share data and resources

not as fast as a wired connection as it uses radio waves to send data which can be affected by interference

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17
Q

What is a router

A

A router is a device that connects different networks together through the internet.

They find the most efficient route from point A to B.

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18
Q

how does a router work

A

Reads the data’s destination address
Looks up in the table all the paths to get to that address
Checks how busy each possible path is
Sends it along the best/fastest path

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19
Q

what is a switch

A

connects together a series of devices to form a network and allows for data and resources to be shared.

A switch has a table storing the addresses of every device connected to it which means it can make a network fun faster as it only sends the data to the device its meant for.

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20
Q

what is a hub

A

that allows wired devices to connect to a network. Hubs have no knowledge of the devices connected.

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21
Q

what is a NIC

A

a piece of hardware that connects a computer to a network through a physical connection - like a cable.

they are given a hardware number called a MAC address - this is a permanent number that identifies that network card

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22
Q

what is a modem

A

converts the digital data from a computer into an analogue signal so that it can be sent across a telephone line and allows the device to access the internet.

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23
Q

what is a network topology

A

the arrangement, or pattern, in which all nodes on a network are connected together

24
Q

advantages of a star network

A

Adding or removing network devices is easy, and can be done without affecting the entire network.

If one link fails, only that link is affected,

Data packets do not have to pass through many devices,

25
Q

disadvantages of star network

A

central hub failure leads to failure of the entire network

More expensive than bus and ring topologies because of the cost of the hubs and switches.

26
Q

advantages of mesh networks

A

Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously.

Even if one of the connections fails there is always an alternative route for the data

Adding more devices can be done without affecting the transmission of other data.

It can handle high volumes of data traffic

27
Q

disadvantages of mesh networks

A

The overall cost is expensive

28
Q

what factors affect the performance of a network

A

users
bandwidth
transmittion media
error rate
latency

29
Q

what is users

A

more users can overload your network, causing network speed to slow down as the available bandwidth will be shared amongst different users.

30
Q

what is bandwidth

A

the amount of data that can be sent and received in a given time

31
Q

what is transmission media

A

physical connection
wired connections has a higher bandwidth than wireless connection

32
Q

what is error rate

A

less reliable connections increase the number of errors that occur when data is transferred. This means data will have to be resent until it arrives correctly.

33
Q

what are factors of error rate

A

length of cable
grade of material

34
Q

what is lanteny

A

The delay of transmitting data to receiving it.

35
Q

what is a server

A

offers a service

36
Q

what is a client

A

accesses a service

37
Q

what is a client server network

A

consists of a single central computer functioning as a server and directing several other computers, referred to as clients. Clients can access shared files and information kept on the serving machine by connecting to the server.

38
Q

examples of a client server network

A

email
network printing
the World Wide Web.

39
Q

what is a peer to peer network

A

no hexarchy
Each computer can act as both a client (using a service) and a server (offering a service).

40
Q

what is TCP

A

sets the rules for how devices connect to a network
the packets are sent correctly and will resend packets of data lost

41
Q

What is IP

A

identifies the location of a device on a network and routes the individual packets from source to destination through routers.

42
Q

WHAT IS https

A

used for accessing and receiving web pages
The S means its secure and it uses encryption

43
Q

what is FTP

A

is used when transferring computer files

44
Q

what is POP

A

it receives and holds the email for an individual person until they pick it up then it deletes it

45
Q

what is IMAP

A

the emails are stored on your computer and also a server

you can access your emails from multiple devices at the same time

also allows you to organise messages

46
Q

what is SMTP

A

sending email messages

47
Q

What is a layer

A

groups of protocols with similar functions.

48
Q

advantages of layers

A

simplifies the sending and receiving of data over a network by dividing it into manageable pieces.

can be changed or improved without affecting the other layers

problems can be easily identified

forces companies to make compatible hardware

49
Q

what is an ip address made of

A

Four sets of eight bit binary numbers

50
Q

what is IPv4

A

32-bit binary number
separated by periods

51
Q

what is IPv6

A

128-bit binary number
separated by colons

52
Q

what is MAC address made of

A

12 hexadecimal characters

53
Q

what is the difference between MAC an IP

A

MAC addresses are represented in hexadecimal while an ip address is represented in binary. An ip address represents a network and the electronics in it while a MAC address is for a single network interface card.

54
Q

How is date sent across a network

A

the data is split into packets

each packet contains the senders IP, packet number and checksum

packets are sent on the quickest and safest route

the data is recieved in the wrong order

data is arranged in order

55
Q
A

computer science (8 decks)

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