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Comp sci paper 1 > 1.3 Computer Networks > Flashcards

1.3 Computer Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What are standalone computers?

A

Computers that are not connected to any network

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2
Q

What are the 5 advantages of networks?

A
  • Users can share files
  • Users can share peripherals (printers) and
    connections to other networks (internet)
  • Users can access files on any computer within
    the network
  • Servers can control security, software updates
    and back up of data
  • Communication with other people, e.g. email
    and social networking.
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3
Q

LAN

A

Covers a small geographical area

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4
Q

LAN Properties

A
  • All hardware used in the LAN is owned by an
    organisation
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5
Q

WAN

A

Covers a large geographical area, connecting LANs together

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6
Q

WAN properties

A
  • Infrastructure between the LANs are hired
    from telecommunication companies who owns
    and manage it
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7
Q

WAN connections

A
  • Telephone lines
  • Satelite links
  • Fibre optic cables
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8
Q

LAN connections

A
  • UTC cable
  • Fibre optic cable
  • Wireless (WiFi)
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9
Q

Computers in a LAN are connected with a _________?

A

switch

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10
Q

Computers in a WAN are connected with a __________?

A

router

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11
Q

Disadvantages of networks

A
  • Increased security risks to data as its being
    shared
  • Malware and viruses spread easily between
    computers
  • If central server fails, all computers connected
    to it may not work
  • Computer run more slowly if there is a lot of
    data travelling on the network
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12
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect the performance of networks

A
  • Bandwidth
  • Number of users
  • latency
  • error rate
  • Transmission media
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13
Q

Bandwidth

A

The amount of data that can be sent and received in a given time.
- measured in bit per second (bit rate)

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14
Q

Number of users

A

Too many users or devices can cause the network to slow down if there is insufficient bandwidth for the data

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15
Q

Transmission Media

A
  • Wired connection has a higher bandwidth than
    wireless
  • Fibre optic cables has a higher bandwidth than
    copper
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16
Q

Error rate

A

dependent on the range of devices from the WAP and other environmental factors.

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17
Q

What is it called if a network uses a server

A

Client server

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18
Q

What is it called if a network does not use a server

A

Peer to Peer network

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19
Q

Client server 3 advantages

A
  • Easier to manage security files
  • Easier to take backups of all shared data
  • Easier to install software updates to all
    computers
20
Q

Client Server 3 disadvantages

A
  • Can be expensive to set up and maintain
  • Need an IT specialist to maintain
  • Server is a single point of failure
21
Q

Peer-to-Peer 5 Advantages

A
  • Very easy to maintain
  • Specialist staff are not required
  • no dependency on a single computer
  • cheaper to set up
  • No expensive hardware required
22
Q

Peer-to-Peer 3 Disadvantages

A
  • Network less secure
  • Users need to managed own backups
  • Difficult to maintain a well ordered file store
23
Q

LAN hardware

A
  • NIC (Network Interface Card)
  • WAP (Wireless Access Point)
  • Switch
  • Router
  • Copper cables
  • Fibre optic cables
24
Q

Network Interface Card

A

Connects device to wired or wireless networking connection
- uses protocol to ensure successful
communication

25
Q

Wireless access point

A

Allows wireless devices to access the network
- more convenient
- less bandwidth than wired connections
- Security is a problem

26
Q

Switch

A

Uses NIC address on a device to route traffic

27
Q

Router

A

Sends data between networks
- uses IP address on a device to route traffic to
other routers

28
Q

Internet

A

World wide collection of networks that use the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)

29
Q

World Wide Web

A

Collection of webpages hosted on web servers
- Uses HTTP

30
Q

IP address

A

Uniquely identifies a device connected on a network and defines where it is located geographically

31
Q

Domain Name Server

A
  1. Web browser acts as a client and connects to a
    DNS server to check if whether the domain
    name is in its database
  2. DNS server checks for the domain’s IP address
    in its database. If it doesnt have it, it acts as a
    client and connects to other DNS servers until it
    finds it
    3.When it has found the IP address, its returns to
    the original client so the user can connect to the
    website
32
Q

The cloud

A

The delivery of services over the internet

33
Q

The cloud advantages

A
  • Services accessed anywhere
  • More efficient for the user (hardware managed
    externally)
  • Automatic updates
  • Better security
  • Large storage capacity
34
Q

The cloud disadvantages

A
  • Need internet connection
  • Fully reliant on the host
  • may be costly for users
35
Q

Topology

A

A given arrangement of all the elements you need for networking

36
Q

Star network topology

A

All devices connected to the central switch
- single point of failure

37
Q

Full mesh network

A

Every device is connected to every other device
- if any connections break other pc wont be affected
- A lot of cabling and switches = cost

38
Q

Partial mesh network

A

Multiple routes exist between devices but every device is not connected to every other device
- Lowers the amount of hardware needed
compared to full mesh

39
Q

Ethernet

A

Used for connection wired local area networks

40
Q

Encryption

A

Scrambling the data into cypher text using a ‘master key’ created from the SSID of the network and the password

41
Q

MAC adress

A

used to route frames on a local area network

42
Q

IP address

A

Used to route packets on a wide area network

43
Q

What are the 2 versions of IP address

A

IPv4 and IPv6

44
Q

IPv4

A
  • written as 4 numbers
  • periods (.)
  • 32 bits
45
Q

IPv6

A
  • Written as 8 groups
  • ## colons :
46
Q

What are the 2 parts of IPv4

A

Network identifier (3 bytes) and Host identifier (1 bytes)

47
Q

What is a protocol

A

A set of instructions that allow two devices to communicate

Comp sci paper 1 (8 decks)

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