13 Common Visualizations Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of data visualization for data analysts?
To communicate results effectively
Data visualization is often more effective than just presenting numbers.
What are the common types of visualizations covered in this chapter?
- Infographics and word clouds
- Bar charts
- Charts with lines, circles, and dots
- Mapping visualizations
What is an infographic?
A visual tool that communicates broader concepts or ideas rather than hard facts
Infographics can contain other types of visualizations.
How do word clouds represent data?
By displaying words of different sizes based on their frequency in the text
Larger words indicate higher frequency.
What is the main function of a bar chart?
To compare one quantitative variable to a qualitative variable
Each bar represents a group and its size represents a number value.
What distinguishes a stacked bar chart from a regular bar chart?
It compares two qualitative variables using one quantitative variable
Each bar is divided into segments representing different groups.
What is a histogram?
A bar chart that compares one quantitative variable to a scale
Histograms visualize distributions by breaking a quantitative variable into bins.
What is a waterfall chart used for?
To show the differences between bars focusing on changes over time
Commonly used in project management.
What does a line chart track?
Changes in a quantitative variable over time
Time is always on the x-axis, and the variable on the y-axis.
What is a Pareto chart?
A combination of a bar chart and a line chart showing cumulative values
Not included in the exam but useful for interview questions.
What is the purpose of a pie chart?
To show the percentages of a qualitative variable that make up a whole
Each segment of the pie represents a different category.
What do scatter plots compare?
Two quantitative variables
Each dot represents a single observation with paired values.
What is a bubble chart?
A variation of a scatter plot that shows three quantitative variables
The size of the bubble represents the third variable.
What types of maps are discussed in this chapter?
- Heat maps
- Tree maps
- Geographic maps
What is the main function of a geographic map?
To show distances and directions between separate points
Not all maps denote locations in space.
What is a heat map?
A heat map compares two qualitative variables and one quantitative variable, designed to see relationships between the scales and the quantitative variable.
Heat maps often require a legend to interpret the color representations of quantitative values.
What does the color of the cells in a heat map represent?
The color represents the quantitative variable.
The interpretation of colors can indicate whether values increase or decrease.
In a heat map comparing store size and city size, which combination typically yields the highest income?
Large stores in large cities yield the highest income.
Small stores in small cities typically yield the lowest income.
What is a tree map?
A tree map depicts complicated relationships between a nested or hierarchical qualitative variable and a quantitative variable.
The size of each box represents the quantitative variable, while colors can represent groups or levels.
What does the size of each box in a tree map represent?
The size of each box represents the quantitative variable.
The color can indicate another level of the qualitative variable or an additional quantitative variable.
What is the primary use of geographic maps?
Geographic maps compare physical locations (qualitative variable) to a quantitative variable.
They are often easy to interpret and visually resemble traditional maps.
How do geographic maps typically represent quantitative data?
By using color or size of chunks or dots on the map.
The color or size indicates different values of the quantitative variable.
List three types of maps mentioned.
- Heat maps
- Tree maps
- Geographic maps
What is the main purpose of the chapter on reporting and visualizations?
To introduce various types of data visualizations and their appropriate contexts for use.
The chapter covers 14 different types of charts.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is used to track progress throughout a project, showing how each point differs from the previous point.
Waterfall chart
Which type of data visualization is most appropriate for representing a single quantitative variable over time?
Line chart
True or False: Heat maps are primarily used to emphasize contingency tables.
True
If you wanted to track a quantitative variable over a country, which type of data visualization would be most appropriate?
Geographic map
What type of visualization would be best for displaying a qualitative variable with two different levels?
Stacked bar chart
