13. CNS

Question 1

Central neurotransmitters include 5

Answer 1

1)Amino acids:
a)Inhibitory amino acids: glycine, gamma- aminobutyric acid(GABA)
b)Excitatory amino acids: glutamate, aspartate
2) Monoamines: dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)
3) Acetylcholine

4) Peptides: enkephalins, endorphins, substance P, somatostatin
5) Endocannabinoids: anandamide

Question 2

Which are excitatory, and which are inhibitory

Question 3

Difference between sedative and hypnotics
Which one is slow acting and which one is quick onset

Question 4

Classifications of hypnotic sedatives

Answer 4

1 barbiturates,
2 benzodiazepines,
3 older sedative hypnotics
4newer anxiolytics
5 newer hypnotics.

Question 5

Barbiturates include plus characteristics

Answer 5

Long acting
phenobarbitone

Short acting
Butobarbitone and pentobarbitone

Ultra short acting
Thiopentone and methohexitone

More CNS depressants
more lipid soluble
more potent
produce dose dependent effects on CNS

Question 6

Hypnotic dose of short acting barbiturates causes

Answer 6

Shorten, the latency of sleep increases sleep, duration, reduce night, weakening REM and REM sleep disrupted rebound increase in REM and nightmare during withdrawal

Question 7

Rebound effect of short acting barbiturates

Answer 7

Rebound increase in REM and nightmares during withdrawal

Question 8

Sedative dose of long longer acting barbiturate produce

Answer 8

Drowsiness reduction in an anxiety index, excitability impair the learning, short term, memory and judgment euphoria

Question 9

Long acting barbiturates have anticonvulsant action independent of

Answer 9

CNS depression

Question 10

Mechanism of action of barbiturates

Answer 10

Primary act the GABA receptor chloride channel complex