1.3: Cell Biology Flashcards
Name the 4 Nucleic acids
Adenine; Thymine; Guanine; Cytosine
RNA has ____ in place of Thymine
Uracil
What is an Enzyme?
A selective catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
A single cell organism (eg: bacteria)
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
A multi cell organism (eg: plants/animals)
What is the function of a plasma membrane?
To provide a selective barrier allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Digestion of waste
What are the two versions of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and smooth
What are the three parts of a nucleus?
- Nuclear envelope, 2. nucleolus, 3. chromatin
What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?
- To provide mechanical support to the cell. 2. To provide mobility to a cell.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
The synthesis, modification, organisation, and secretion of cell products.
What are the smallest organisms called that are capable of metabolism, reproduction and are able to sustain themselves?
Mycoplasmas
What are the 3 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- plasma membrane
- have chromosomes
- have ribosomes
What determines the theoretical practical size limit of eukaryotic cells?
Metabolic requirements
What are 2 major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Location of DNA; Eukaryotic cells - nucleus/prokaryotic cells - nucleoid.
- Organelles; eukaryotic cells - present/prokaryotic cells - not present.
What do most biological membranes consist of?
Bilayer of phospholipids
What is the main function of ribosomes
Create proteins
Name an example of a cell that has a flagellus?
Sperm cell
Name an example of a cell that has cillia?
The cells in the respiratory system
What does a plant cell have in addition to the plasma membrane?
Cell wall
Instead of mitochondria, what do plant cells have?
Chloroplasts
The cytoskeleton consists of?
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
Instead of centrioles, a plant cell has?
A central vacuole and tonoplasts
Instead of a central vacuole, an animal cell has?
Centrioles
Which chloroplasts store starch and are colourless?
Amyloplasts
Which chloroplasts give fruits and flowers their colour?
Chromoplasts
What is special about the nuclear envelope in comparison to other membranes?
It is a double membrane, meaning it has 2 lipid bilayers
What is the main function of the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
What are the various products of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Membranes, secretory proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and hormones.
Where can ribosomes be found inside the cell?
Suspended in the cytosol or bound to the ER
What is the function of centrioles?
To help organise the assembly of microtubules during cell division
The endoplasmic reticulum is an extension of which membrane?
Outer membrane
What are the names of the two lipid bilayers that make up the nuclear envelope?
Inner membrane and outer membrane
What are the pores called that sit in the nuclear envelope?
Nuclear pores
What are the 3 principles of cell theory
- All living things are made of one or more cells
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and organisation in organisms
What do we call the folds found inside the mitochondria that give more surface area for energy-releasing processes to take place?
Cristae
