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Biology 1 > 1.3: Cell Biology > Flashcards

1.3: Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 Nucleic acids

A

Adenine; Thymine; Guanine; Cytosine

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2
Q

RNA has ____ in place of Thymine

A

Uracil

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3
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

A selective catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed

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4
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

A

A single cell organism (eg: bacteria)

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5
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

A

A multi cell organism (eg: plants/animals)

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6
Q

What is the function of a plasma membrane?

A

To provide a selective barrier allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste

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7
Q

What is the main function of lysosomes?

A

Digestion of waste

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8
Q

What are the two versions of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough and smooth

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9
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleus?

A
  1. Nuclear envelope, 2. nucleolus, 3. chromatin
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10
Q

What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. To provide mechanical support to the cell. 2. To provide mobility to a cell.
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11
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

The synthesis, modification, organisation, and secretion of cell products.

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12
Q

What are the smallest organisms called that are capable of metabolism, reproduction and are able to sustain themselves?

A

Mycoplasmas

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13
Q

What are the 3 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. have chromosomes
  3. have ribosomes
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14
Q

What determines the theoretical practical size limit of eukaryotic cells?

A

Metabolic requirements

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15
Q

What are 2 major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A
  1. Location of DNA; Eukaryotic cells - nucleus/prokaryotic cells - nucleoid.
  2. Organelles; eukaryotic cells - present/prokaryotic cells - not present.
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16
Q

What do most biological membranes consist of?

A

Bilayer of phospholipids

17
Q

What is the main function of ribosomes

A

Create proteins

18
Q

Name an example of a cell that has a flagellus?

A

Sperm cell

19
Q

Name an example of a cell that has cillia?

A

The cells in the respiratory system

20
Q

What does a plant cell have in addition to the plasma membrane?

A

Cell wall

21
Q

Instead of mitochondria, what do plant cells have?

A

Chloroplasts

22
Q

The cytoskeleton consists of?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Microtubules
23
Q

Instead of centrioles, a plant cell has?

A

A central vacuole and tonoplasts

24
Q

Instead of a central vacuole, an animal cell has?

A

Centrioles

25
Q

Which chloroplasts store starch and are colourless?

A

Amyloplasts

26
Q

Which chloroplasts give fruits and flowers their colour?

A

Chromoplasts

27
Q

What is special about the nuclear envelope in comparison to other membranes?

A

It is a double membrane, meaning it has 2 lipid bilayers

28
Q

What is the main function of the mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

29
Q

What are the various products of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Membranes, secretory proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and hormones.

30
Q

Where can ribosomes be found inside the cell?

A

Suspended in the cytosol or bound to the ER

31
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

To help organise the assembly of microtubules during cell division

32
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is an extension of which membrane?

A

Outer membrane

33
Q

What are the names of the two lipid bilayers that make up the nuclear envelope?

A

Inner membrane and outer membrane

34
Q

What are the pores called that sit in the nuclear envelope?

A

Nuclear pores

35
Q

What are the 3 principles of cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made of one or more cells
  2. Cells come from pre-existing cells
  3. Cells are the basic units of structure and organisation in organisms
36
Q

What do we call the folds found inside the mitochondria that give more surface area for energy-releasing processes to take place?

A

Cristae

Biology 1 (22 decks)

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