[13] Bioenergetics- Energy Expenditure, Production, and Balance

Question 1

What is the basic concept in human physiology being discussed?

Answer 1

Bioenergetics: Energy expenditure, production, and balance

Question 2

Define “bioenergetics”.

Answer 2

It is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources, involving the chemical processes and conversions that take place in the body.

Question 3

What are the three main macronutrients that provide energy to the body?

Answer 3

• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Fats

Question 4

How does the body expend energy?

Answer 4

Through basal metabolic functions, physical activity, and the process of digestion and absorption of food (thermic effect of food).

Question 5

What is the primary energy currency in the body?

Answer 5

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 6

What is the process by which glucose is converted to ATP?

Answer 6

Glycolysis

Question 7

What is the process of ATP production in the presence of oxygen called?

Answer 7

Aerobic respiration

Question 8

Which process generates more ATP: aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)?

Answer 8

Aerobic respiration

Question 9

How does the body store excess energy?

Answer 9

It stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles and as fat in adipose tissue.

Question 10

Define “energy balance”.

Answer 10

It is the relationship between energy intake (from food and drink) and energy output (through metabolism and physical activity).

Question 11

What is the result of a positive energy balance?

Answer 11

Weight gain

Question 12

What is the result of a negative energy balance?

Answer 12

Weight loss

Question 13

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 13

It is the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain vital functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production.

Question 14

How is ATP produced from fats?

Answer 14

Through a process called beta-oxidation

Question 15

What is the role of the mitochondria in energy production?

Answer 15

They are the sites of aerobic respiration where most ATP is produced.

Question 16

What happens to the energy derived from food that is not used or stored?

Answer 16

It is lost as heat, helping maintain body temperature.

Question 17

How does physical activity influence energy expenditure?

Answer 17

It increases the rate of energy expenditure above the resting level.

Question 18

How is ATP produced from proteins?

Answer 18

Through a process called deamination

Question 19

How does the thermic effect of food contribute to energy expenditure?

Answer 19

It represents the energy used in digestion, absorption, and distribution of nutrients.

Question 20

What is ATP’s role in muscle contraction?

Answer 20

It provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.