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Science Units 13-14 > 13-14 > Flashcards

13-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define metals

A

Most are silver or grey in colour and shiny. Good conductors of electricity and heat. They are also malleable and ductile.

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2
Q

Define non metals

A

Most are gases. Highly reactive. An element that lacks the characteristics of a metal and is able to form anions, acidic oxides, acids, and stable compounds with hydrogen

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3
Q

Define metalloids

A

An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid non metals. They are electrical semiconductors

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4
Q

Define malleable

A

Able to be hammer or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking

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5
Q

Define ductile

A

Can be stretched and demeaned without losing toughness; pliable, not brittle

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6
Q

Define inert

A

Stable and unreactive under specified conditions

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7
Q

Define molecules

A

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

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8
Q

Define period

A

A set of elements occupying an entire horizontal row in the periodic table

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9
Q

Define group/family

A

A set of elements occupying a column in the periodic table and having broadly similar properties arising from their similar electronic structure

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10
Q

Define alkali metals

A

Any of the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, occupying Group 1 of the periodic table, they are very reactive

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11
Q

Define alkaline earth metals

A

Any of the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, occupying group 2 of the periodic table. They are reactive, electropositive, divalent metals, and form basic oxides that react with water to form comparatively insoluble hydroxides

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12
Q

Define noble gases

A

Any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, Aragon, krypton, xenon, and radon, occupying group 0 (18) of the periodic table. Mostly unreactive.

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13
Q

Define halogens

A

Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group 17 of the periodic table. They are reactive nonmetallic elements that form strongly acidic compounds with hydrogen, from which simple salts can be made.

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14
Q

Define salts

A

Any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base

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15
Q

Define atom

A

The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of the element

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16
Q

Define energy level

A

The fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus can have

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17
Q

Define atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table

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18
Q

Define mass number

A

The total number of proteins and neutrons in a nucleus

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19
Q

Define atomic molar mass

A

Tells you the number of grams per mole of a compound

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20
Q

Define ionization

A

The process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons

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21
Q

Define ion

A

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

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22
Q

Define cation

A

A positive charged ion

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23
Q

Define anion

A

A negatively charged ion

24
Q

Define valence electron

A

An outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed

25
Q

Define octect rule

A

A chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main group elements ten to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell

26
Q

The number of protons equals the?

A

Atomic number

27
Q

The number of electrons equals the?

A

Atomic number minus the charge

28
Q

The number of neutrons equals the?

A

Mass number minus the atomic number

29
Q

Define crystal lattice

A

The symmetrical three dime is arrangement of atoms inside a crystal

30
Q

Define formula unit

A

The empirical formula of any ionic or covalent network souls compound used as an independent entity for stoichiometric calculations

31
Q

Define ionic bonding

A

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges

32
Q

Define polyatomic ions

A

Also known as a molecular ion, is a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting a a single unit

33
Q

Define multivalent

A

Another term for polyvalent, having a valence of three or more

34
Q

Define covalent bonds

A

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons pairs between atoms

35
Q

Define molecular element

A

Mostly diatomic non metals which exists as a molecule, that is, two or more atoms are bound and can exist independently and still retain the properties of that substance

36
Q

Define diatomic

A

To consist of two atoms

37
Q

Explain how to recognize an ionic compound from its chemical formula

A

Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions, you can recognize an ionic compound by noting the presence of a cation

38
Q

List four properties of an ionic compound

A

1- high melting point
2- retention of crystal shape
3- solubility in water
4- conductivity in solution

39
Q

Explain how to recognize a molecular compound by it’s chemical formula

A

Molecular compounds will only contain non metals. If the prefixes di-, tri-, etc, are used, the compound is molecular

40
Q

List four properties of molecular compounds

A

1- low melting point
2-crystals do not hold their shape and crumble easily
3- poor conductors as solids and in a solution
4- attraction between neighbouring molecules is very weak.

41
Q

Define polar molecule

A

An asymmetrical molecule with non uniform positive and negative charges. Has a partial positive charge in one part of the molecule and a negative charge in another part.

42
Q

Define acid

A

A compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7

43
Q

Define base

A

A compound that dissolved in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7

44
Q

Define pH

A

Indicates how acidic or basic a substance is

45
Q

Define buffer

A

A substance that can keep the pH of a solution nearly constant despite the addition of a small amount of acid or base

46
Q

Define neutral

A

A substance with a pH of 7, neither acidic or basic

47
Q

Define neutralization

A

When acids and bases react together and both basic and acidic properties disappear

48
Q

Formula for water

A

H2O

49
Q

Formula for hydrogen peroxide

A

H2O2

50
Q

Formula for ammonia

A

NH3

51
Q

Formula for sucrose

A

C12H22O11

52
Q

Formula for methane

A

CH4

53
Q

Formula for propane

A

C3H8

54
Q

Formula for methanol

A

CH3OH

55
Q

Formula for ethanol

A

C2H5OH

56
Q

Formula for hydrogensulphide

A

H2S

57
Q

Define electrolyte

A

A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis

Science Units 13-14 (1 decks)

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