127 Midterm Cards Flashcards
Describe the main Versions of Windows Server.
Standard: Most widely used version. Allows for the use of 2 virtual machines. Functionally the same as datacenter minus some extra features. Number of users is based on CALs.
Essentials: Essentials is known as the Bare Bones version of windows server. No virtualization options, and a locked limit of 25 users and 50 devices.
Datacenter: Luxury Model of Server. Offering up unlimited virtualization plus one Hyper-V host. Other than some random features it is comparable to standard. Much more expensive and designed for use in large scale networks.
Name some scenarios in which you would use specific versions of Windows Server.
Essentials: Very small network deployment. Not a lot of multitasking for one server to do. Money is tight.
Standard: If you have a decently sized network, but only requre the use of <2 Virtual machines, standard would be the right choice.
Datacenter: Money is no object. Your network is a larger enterprise network and you require the use of multiple VMs.
Name the 3 different Windows Server interfaces.
Desktop: One you will run into most commonly. This is the GUI interface, allowing you to RDP into your servers, use a traditional desktop. use the graphical Server Manager, and is good for people who are slightly inexperienced. Has a very similar GUI to the normal versions of Windows 10
Server Core: Headless version of Windows Server. Faster, more effecient, higher security.
Nano Server: Smaller headless version of Windows Server. Designed to replace oversized and unnessicarily bloated versions of Server. Must be linked to a container.
Describe the pros and cons of the main 2 interfaces for Server (Core and DE)
Core
Pros
- Faster, Requires less maintenance
- Less Harddrive space required
- More Secure
Cons
- Harder to learn
- Less Versatile
- Can’t upgrade to the GUI after installation, would have to start fresh.
DE
Pros
- Easier to use
- Has more features than Core
- Able to access Core through the GUI if you would like to.
Cons
- Takes up more hard disk space
- Runs slower than core
- Less secure
What are the 3 categories of Server roles?
Directory Services
- Allow you to store and supply network information
- Active Directory Domain Services, Certificate Services, and Federation Services are all included in this category.
- Covers: Passsword checking, Email verification, Phonebooks, Directories, ect.
Infrastructure Services
- Provides support for network clients and includes roles such as
- DHCP - Providing Addressing
- DNS - Resloving IP to Name / Name to IP Queries
- Hyper -V - Infrastructure Service working as a container
- WSUS - Windows Server Update Services. Allows a server to control updates on a network
Application Services
Provide interfaces for specifric applications
Describe the function of containers.
Containers have 2 different models: Windows Server containers, and Hyper V containers. Server containers make use of DOcker tech from Linux. Dockers are applications that contain everything needed to run an operating system, but in a self contained environment.
Hyper V containers are completely isolated virtual machines. Allow for nested virtualization (put that VM inside of a VM)
Name and Describe some key features of Windows Server.
Self Healing Resilient NTFS with ReFS: New Technology File system runs in the background of your Server, making corrections to the file system when NTFS detects a corrupt file or directory. ReFS is an updated version of NTFS.
Server Message Block: SMB handles the transfer of files between systems, compressing file communications, and through a large communication buffer reduces the number of rount trips needed when transmitting data.
Hypver V - virtualization
Storage Spaces Direct: Allows the ability to group together storage spaces on multiple server and view them as a single storage share (similar to disk partitions)
Dedupe: Data Duplication Allows for file system storage to be de-duplicated to decrease storage capacity demands.
What are some scope factors to consider when deploying a new Server Installation?
Scope
- Do you want to upgrade the entire operating system or just a subset?
- Is it an OS upgrade or an application upgrade?
- How willl this affect business hours?
- How many Servers need upgrades?
- Where are they located?
- What OS is currently running on the servers?
- What type of virtual environment are they using if they are running on VMs
- What core applications need upgrades?
- How will this affect desktop configurations?
Always remember
- Don’t go crazy, keep everying as simple as possible
- Break up the project into logical segments
- Remember that existing users will need to learn new skills depending on what you implement.
What business goal factors should you keep in mind when deploying a server update?
You need to be clear in defining what the business needs and make sure its possible.
Be specific and measurable.
Be aware of your budget.
Your timeline should be basesd on the scope of the project and the needs of the business. Depending on the business, server implementation may need to happen extremely quickly.
Name some considerations when implementing a virtualized environment.
Virtualized environments require more planning.
Failover must be implemented.
Independant and interdependant services and applications need to be kept in mind.
There will be more physical host RAM, sorage capacity and CPU used due to the machines having to run their base OS as well as a virtualized OS.
Describe some Hyper V server technologies.
Live Migration Failover - Ability to failover a guest session from one hyper v host server to another without the end users connected to the guest session losing connectivity.
Zero Downtime Patching / Updating Using Cluster Aware Updates feature, automatically nodes of a cluster are updated without interruption to end users by automatically failing the cluster node to another during the patching process.
Integrated Site to Site replication - Replicates virtual guest session data between sites so in the event of a failure, another site can activate with replicated copies of guest session systems.
Built In NIC teaming - The ability to have multiple network adapters in a virtual server host system sharing network communications load.
What are the main differences between virtual switches?
External Switch: Binds with the physical NIC of the system.
Internal Virtual Switch: Not bound to a physical NIC, so it can not connect to other physically connected network devices. Good for connecting between VMs and to the VM host, but nothing else.
Private Virtual Switch: Only connects to other devices directly connected to the same private switch.
Why should you use a virtual server instead of a physical machine?
- Security. There is no physical device to access, so it’s harder for somebody to gain control of your server.
- Easy to configure failover. There are tons of methods to make sure that if your server goes down, you can continue to keep the network running.
- Utilizes hardware to it’s fullest potential. Depending on what your server is doing, and the hardware you’re running with, you may not be using the machine to it’s fullest capacity. Using Hyper V will help you be less wasteful with the hardware you have on hand, and maximize what you can do with each machine at your disposal.
Describe salient considerations of Hyper V implementation
- RAM : The general rule of thumb for creating virtual servers is that the host must have at least 2gb of RAM to spare for each VM created, as well as 2gb for the host itself.
- Processing: While the host itself has little processing requirements, if you’re virtualizing and running guest sessions, the more processing power you can get the better.
- Disk Space: Each guest session and the host should have at least 7 gigs of disk space reserved to run properly.
What is the main purpose of Domain Name system?
DNS is designed to resolve IP queries to and from Hostnames.
Translate our language into a language a computer could understand, and vice versa.
Going from name to IP address is what is known as a Forward Lookup
Going from IP address to Name is a Reverse Lookup.
Describe the hierarchical approach of name resolution.
The top level of the hierarchy is the root, always represented as a single dot. This dot is contained in all addresses, but it usually is not shown.
The next level aka the first layer is made up of Top Level Domain names. There are your .coms .nets .rocks .sucks ect. This is how addresses are grouped. Previously .orgs and .nets were reserved for specific uses, but now they can be bought for any use.
The next layer is the namespace. This is divided into domains and subdomains. For example you have troy.rocks and then a subdomain would be troysdog.rocks
All of these components together make up a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)
Describe recursive queries in the DNS Resolution process.
A recursive query is an attempt to resolve a query by a specific name server.
If the device that is queried knows the resloution, they perform it right away.
If the server is unaware of the resolution, it performs iterative queries to its DNS partner server in order to find the answer, or respond that it can’t figure it out.
