12.6 Flashcards
What were longships used for by the Vikings?
To transport warriors on attack-and-raid missions
Longships were characterized by their shallow hulls, making them speedy and easy to maneuver.
What is the significance of the dragon head on a Viking longship?
It was believed to strike fear into the hearts of enemies
The dragon head was a decorative feature that also symbolized protection against evil spirits.
What materials did Vikings have easy access to for shipbuilding?
Timber from Scandinavia’s forests
This access allowed them to become expert shipbuilders.
What navigational techniques did the Vikings use?
Using the sun and stars, weather patterns, bird-flight trails, and coastal features
These skills facilitated their roles as sea traders or pirates.
What were the dimensions and capacity of Viking longships?
Up to about 37 metres in length, could carry 100 warriors
68 of whom were oarsmen, 34 on each side.
What was the purpose of the huge square sail on a longship?
To provide fast sea or ocean crossing in strong winds
The sail was often dyed blood red and coated in animal fat for water resistance.
What feature of longships allowed them to navigate shallow waters?
Their wide and shallow hulls
This design helped them stay upright in rough seas.
What was the term ‘drakkar’ used to describe?
Longships used for lightning raids
The term means ‘dragons’ in Old Norse.
Why were weapons important to the Vikings?
Essential for hunting and symbols of wealth and power
Swords, in particular, were highly valued and often had decorative hilts.
What were the ‘pet’ names used for in Viking culture?
To describe weapons, especially swords
Examples include ‘Foot biter’ for swords.
What materials were Viking weapons made from?
Iron for arrows, spears, and axe heads; metal for armor
Wealthy Vikings could afford metal armor, including chain mail.
What type of helmets did many Viking warriors wear?
Helmets with nose bridges and chain mail
By the time of the Battle of Hastings in 1066, chain mail was common among soldiers.
What is a common misconception about Viking helmets?
That they had large horns
This image was popularized by 19th-century costume designers and is historically inaccurate.
Fill in the blank: The Vikings called their longships _______.
drakkar
True or False: Viking shields were typically made of metal.
False
Shields were generally made of wood and reinforced with leather or iron.
What was the primary defensive tool for Viking warriors?
Shields
Shields were crucial for protection during battles.
What type of wood was commonly used for making Viking spears?
Wood with an iron spearhead
Spears were several meters long and effective in battle.
