1250 - 1500

Question 1

what was the composition of the army?

Answer 1

infantry 🗡 and mounted knights 🐎

ratio - 2:1

Question 2

what was the role of the mounted knight?

Answer 2

mounted charge

rout and chase

Question 3

what was feudal duty?

Answer 3

landowners had to supply troops for battle

Question 4

what was the role of the longbow? 🏹

Answer 4

they fired quickly and good archers could fire up to 15 arrows a minute

they had a greater range

Question 5

when we’re cannons introduced? 💣

Answer 5

1450

Question 6

what are the limitations of cannons? 💣

Answer 6

they were heavy and expensive

they were inaccurate

they were unreliable and slow

Question 7

what are the advantages of cannons? 💣

Answer 7

they were used successfully in seiges
e.g. harfleur

improvements in technology

Question 8

what was knights service? ⚔️

Answer 8

knights owed 40 days knight service

people owned knights due to the amount of land that they owned

Question 9

what led to the decline in mounted knights? 🐎

Answer 9

the longbow was more affective in taking down the opposition

the schiltron was good at defence

cavalry become more intergrated/ specialist

Question 10

was the recruitment of knights and infantry a change or continuity?

Answer 10

change - in 1250 knight were recruited by feudal levy

change - infantry was recruited by using duty or plunder as incentives

Question 11

name 2 battles that occurred during the time period 1250 - 1500?

Answer 11

the battle of falkirk (1298)

the battle of agincourt (1415)

Question 12

when was the battle of agincourt?

Answer 12

1415

Question 13

when was the battle of falkirk?

Answer 13

1298

Question 14

name the law put in place of the assize of arms?

Answer 14

statute of winchester

Question 15

what was it called when civilians paid money to get out of duty?

Answer 15

scutage

Question 16

Which hierarchy was used to help with recruitment?

Answer 16

Feudal Hierarchy

Question 17

What did Knights owe to their Lord (Tennant in Chief)

Answer 17

Feudal Duty (Knights Service)

Question 18

How long did Knights have to serve for as part of Feudal Duty?

Answer 18

40 days and nights

Question 19

What could Knights and Lords do instead of having to serve ‘knights duty’?

Answer 19

Pay scutage (this allowed Kings to pay for mercenaries instead who were highly skilled professional soldiers)

Question 20

What is the name of the type of fighting where foot soldiers (infantry) took part in?

Answer 20

Hand to hand combat - The Melee

Question 21

What famous wall did infantry often use for protection in some battles?

Answer 21

Shield Wall

Question 22

What was the role of a mounted knight?

Answer 22

Perform a mounted charge or rout and chase

Question 23

What law forced Lords to have to provide soldiers and arms for the King?

Answer 23

Assize of Arms (This was made legal by a law known as the Statute of Winchester)

Question 24

What weapon could pierce chain mail Armour and was used effectively at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298?

Answer 24

Longbow

Question 25

What famous Scottish formation was used effectively against the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297?

Answer 25

Shiltron

Question 26

When are where was gunpowder first developed?

Answer 26

China in the 9th Century

Question 27

When were cannons becoming a common weapon used for siege warfare?

Answer 27

Around 1450

Question 28

Give the name of a place where cannons were used effectively in the 1400’s?

Answer 28

Harfleur Castle, France

Question 29

What was a common problem with cannons early in this period?

Answer 29

Slow to move and fire, very heavy and often failed to work properly

Question 30

Why did the use of mounted knights decline?

Answer 30

Longbows, shiltrons and the end of the feudal system meant they were steadily being phased out

Question 31

As feudalism started to fail, and therefore feudal duty failed to provide enough troops for Kings, how did Kings get an army?

Answer 31

Bought mercenaries (usually from money raised by scutage or taxation)

Question 32

When was the Battle of Agincourt?

Answer 32

1415

Question 33

Who won the Battle of Agincourt? Why?

Answer 33

Henry V (King of England). He used archers to ‘gall’ (move) the massive French army into an area between two woodlands where their numbers meant they were too tightly packed together and couldn’t move on the wet field. The English were able to hack them easily and fire any remaining arrows.

Question 34

When was the Battle of Falkirk?

Answer 34

1298

Question 35

Who won the Battle of Falkirk? Why?

Answer 35

Edward I (King of England). He used his longbows to take out Scottish schiltrons, and his cavalry to take out Scottish archers. He also cleverly supplied his army as the moved into Scotland from the sea.